Phelps Michelle S, Seligman Eric
University of Minnesota, USA.
Theor Criminol. 2024 Nov;28(4):476-494. doi: 10.1177/13624806241265312. Epub 2024 Jul 26.
The transformation of US punishment in the late 20th century was defined not just by mass imprisonment, but the growth of a shadow carceral state of administrative and civil sanctions, including technical violations of probation and parole that smooth the pathway to prison. We consider the role of technical violations in the shadow carceral state through the lens of lived experience, analyzing interviews with adults on probation in Hennepin County, Minnesota, conducted in 2019. Building on the concept of legal envisioning, we ask how people subject to probation experience the threat of violations and what they imagine would be helpful to avoid them. Ultimately, these perspectives illuminate the need for transformative changes to dismantle the shadow carceral state and raise challenging questions about the role of care in punishment.
美国20世纪后期刑罚的转变不仅表现为大规模监禁，还表现为行政和民事制裁的影子监禁国家的增长，包括对缓刑和假释的技术性违反，这些违反行为为入狱铺平了道路。我们通过实际生活经历的视角来审视影子监禁国家中技术性违反行为的作用，分析2019年对明尼苏达州亨内平县缓刑期成年人的访谈。基于法律构想的概念，我们探究缓刑人员如何体验违规的威胁，以及他们认为怎样做有助于避免违规。最终，这些观点揭示了进行变革性改变以拆除影子监禁国家的必要性，并对惩罚中关怀的作用提出了具有挑战性的问题。
