Yi Maoyu, Liang Bo, Xiao Hang, Tan Wei, Yang Wenjie, He Xian, Stehle Yijing Y, Hu Jianghuai, Zeng Ke, Yang Gang
College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan ,Hubei 442002, China.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2025 Feb 12;17(6):9702-9715. doi: 10.1021/acsami.4c22824. Epub 2025 Feb 3.
Polymer-based one- and two-dimensional (1D-2D) carbon nanomaterials are considered promising microwave-absorbing materials (MAMs) due to their high atomic utilization efficiency and tunable microscopic/macroscopic morphology. The tunable design of 1D-2D carbon nanomaterials through a facile method to meet the requirements of advanced MAMs remains a challenge. In this work, the environmentally friendly processing method of ultrasonic spray ice template (USIT) is employed to fabricate porous carbon nanomaterials based on Kapton-type polyimide, which exhibit the intriguing morphology of both 1D nanowires and 2D nanosheets. Under subsequent carbonization at 700 and 800 °C, the obtained carbon nanomaterials inherit the original morphology. Furthermore, the 1D or 2D nanomorphology can be readily controlled by adjusting the concentration of the precursor solution. For samples fabricated with lower precursor concentrations (0.1%), 1D nanowire structures are predominant. Interconnected conductive networks and heterogeneous interfaces are formed by intertwining and stacking nanowires, thereby enhancing the conductivity loss. Additionally, the abundant porous structure provides an effective channel for electromagnetic wave entrance, significantly improving the impedance matching ability. The results show that the 1D nanowire-dominated samples (700 °C carbonization) show excellent electromagnetic microwave absorption performance. The reflection loss minimum (RL) is -67.2 dB at 8.1 GHz and 4.65 mm, and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth (<-10 dB) is 7.7 GHz at 3.03 mm. Exemplified by MAMs, the USIT strategy has broad prospects, providing enormous potential for various practical applications and bridging the gap between polymer precursors and 1D/2D tunable carbon nanomaterials.
基于聚合物的一维和二维（1D-2D）碳纳米材料因其高原子利用效率和可调控的微观/宏观形态而被认为是很有前景的微波吸收材料（MAMs）。通过简便方法对1D-2D碳纳米材料进行可调控设计以满足先进微波吸收材料的要求仍然是一个挑战。在这项工作中，采用了超声喷雾冰模板（USIT）这种环境友好的加工方法来制备基于卡普顿型聚酰亚胺的多孔碳纳米材料，这些材料呈现出一维纳米线和二维纳米片的有趣形态。在随后700和800℃的碳化过程中，所获得的碳纳米材料继承了原始形态。此外，通过调节前驱体溶液的浓度可以很容易地控制一维或二维纳米形态。对于用较低前驱体浓度（0.1%）制备的样品，一维纳米线结构占主导。相互连接的导电网络和异质界面通过纳米线的缠绕和堆叠形成，从而增强了电导率损耗。此外，丰富的多孔结构为电磁波进入提供了有效通道，显著提高了阻抗匹配能力。结果表明，以一维纳米线为主的样品（700℃碳化）表现出优异的电磁微波吸收性能。在8.1 GHz和4.65 mm处反射损耗最小值（RL）为-67.2 dB，在3.03 mm处最大有效吸收带宽（<-10 dB）为7.7 GHz。以微波吸收材料为例，USIT策略具有广阔前景，为各种实际应用提供了巨大潜力，并弥合了聚合物前驱体与一维/二维可调控碳纳米材料之间的差距。
