Dalto Danyel Bueno, Audet Isabelle, Roy Caroline, Villeneuve Geneviève, Matte J Jacques, Lapointe Jérôme
Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1M 0C8, Canada.
Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada.
J Anim Sci. 2025 Jan 4;103. doi: 10.1093/jas/skaf024.
This study compared the effects of different vitamin D supplementation strategies to pre- and postweaning piglets on vitamin D metabolism and health-related parameters. Sixty Yorkshire-Landrace × Duroc suckling piglets were selected at the first day of age and randomly assigned to one of two vitamin D supplementation strategies (n = 30 pigs per treatment): CTR-oral saline at days 2, 8, and 21 of age and, from weaning (day 21), in-feed supplementation with 2,000 IU of vitamin D as cholecalciferol; and VD-oral 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3) solution at days 2, 8, and 21 of age plus 15-min exposure to UVB light every second day from day 14 until day 21 and, from weaning, in-feed supplementation with 2,000 IU of vitamin D as 25(OH)D3. Piglets were slaughtered (n = 10 pigs per treatment/day) at days 21 (before start in-feed experimental diets), and 28 and 35 and blood and tissues samples (jejunum, liver, and kidney) were collected. Body weight (BW), concentrations of serum 25(OH)D3 and jejunum, liver, and kidney mRNA expression of genes related to vitamin D, antioxidant system, and immune defense were measured. Body weight was not affected by treatments (P ≥ 0.34). Serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations were greater for VD piglets at day 21, 28, and 35 (P < 0.01). No effect of treatment was detected (P ≥ 0.14) for mRNA expression in the jejunum mucosa. In the liver of VD piglets, mRNA expressions of genes related to the antioxidant system were lower at day 21 (NDUFB2) and at day 28 (BNIP3, GPX4, and MSRA) (P ≤ 0.10). The mRNA analysis in kidney during the overall period detected higher expression of genes related to the mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation (COX17, NDUFB2, and NDUFB6) in VD groups compared with CTR (P ≤ 0.09). The expression of CYP27B1 in kidney was higher at day 28 and CYP24A1 was lower at day 21 but higher at day 35 for VD animals. In conclusion, during the preweaning period, dietary 25(OH)D3 supplementation combined with UVB exposure was effective in increasing serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations at weaning, whereas in the postweaning period, dietary 25(OH)D3 supplementation at 2,000 IU/kg was more efficient then dietary cholecalciferol at similar levels. The overall results indicate that 2,000 IU of vitamin D/kg of diet, independently of source, may be enough to improve the vitamin D status of postweaning piglets. However, the use of dietary 25(OH)D3 may promote a better modulation of vitamin D metabolism and redox balance.
本研究比较了不同维生素D补充策略对断奶前后仔猪维生素D代谢及健康相关参数的影响。选取60头约克夏-长白×杜洛克哺乳仔猪，于出生首日进行挑选，并随机分配至两种维生素D补充策略之一（每组n = 30头猪）：对照组在2日龄、8日龄和21日龄口服生理盐水，自断奶（21日龄）起，在饲料中添加2000 IU胆钙化醇形式的维生素D；维生素D组在2日龄、8日龄和21日龄口服25-羟基胆钙化醇（25(OH)D3）溶液，从14日龄至21日龄每隔一天接受15分钟的UVB光照，自断奶起，在饲料中添加2000 IU 25(OH)D3形式的维生素D。在21日龄（开始饲料试验日粮前）、28日龄和35日龄对仔猪进行屠宰（每组每天n = 10头猪），并采集血液和组织样本（空肠、肝脏和肾脏）。测量体重（BW）、血清25(OH)D3浓度以及空肠、肝脏和肾脏中与维生素D、抗氧化系统和免疫防御相关基因的mRNA表达。体重不受处理影响（P≥0.34）。维生素D组仔猪在21日龄、28日龄和35日龄时血清25(OH)D3浓度更高（P<0.01）。未检测到处理对空肠黏膜mRNA表达有影响（P≥0.14）。在维生素D组仔猪的肝脏中，与抗氧化系统相关基因的mRNA表达在21日龄时（NDUFB2）以及28日龄时（BNIP3、GPX4和MSRA）较低（P≤0.10）。在整个期间对肾脏进行的mRNA分析检测到，与对照组相比，维生素D组中线粒体氧化磷酸化相关基因（COX17、NDUFB2和NDUFB6）的表达更高（P≤0.09）。维生素D组动物肾脏中CYP27B1的表达在28日龄时较高，CYP24A1的表达在21日龄时较低，但在35日龄时较高。总之，在断奶前阶段，日粮中添加25(OH)D3并结合UVB光照可有效提高断奶时血清25(OH)D3浓度，而在断奶后阶段，日粮中添加2000 IU/kg的25(OH)D3比添加类似水平的胆钙化醇更有效。总体结果表明，日粮中2000 IU/kg的维生素D，无论来源如何，可能足以改善断奶后仔猪的维生素D状态。然而，使用日粮25(OH)D3可能会更好地调节维生素D代谢和氧化还原平衡。
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