Hammers Kelsey L, Urriola Pedro E, Ramirez-Camba Christian D, Schwartz Mark, Ryu Moon-Suhn, Gomez Andres, Abrahante Lloréns Juan E, Johnston Lee J
Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
Schwartz Farms Inc., Sleepy Eye, MN 56085, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2025 Jan 4;103. doi: 10.1093/jas/skaf097.
Sows were supplemented with high dietary zinc (Zn) at different times in gestation to determine effects on piglet tissue mineral concentrations and gene expression. Ten sows per treatment were assigned to dietary treatments: 1) Control-sows fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet containing 206 ppm total supplemental zinc supplied by zinc hydroxychloride from mating to farrowing; 2) Breed-to-Farrow-as Control + additional 147 ppm supplemental Zn as ZnSO4 fed from 5 d post-breeding to farrowing; and 3) Day 110-to-Farrow-as Control + additional 4,079 ppm supplemental Zn as ZnSO4 starting on day 110 of gestation until farrowing. Final supplemental Zn concentrations of the Control, Breed-to-Farrow, and Day 110-to-Farrow treatments were 206, 353, and 4,285 ppm, respectively. Serum, colostrum, and milk were collected from each sow. At farrowing, 2 average birth weight (ABW) and 2 low birth weight (LBW) piglets from each sow were selected for collection of serum and tail samples within 2 d of birth. Liver tissue was collected from 65 piglets that died naturally (n = 35) or were euthanized (n = 30). Blood was collected from a different group of piglets (9 LBW piglets per treatment and 8 ABW Control piglets) for RNA-sequencing to evaluate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways. Mineral concentration data were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model and RNAseq data were analyzed using the edgeR program. Diet did not affect mineral concentrations of sow serum, colostrum, and milk (P > 0.05). Mineral concentrations of piglet serum were not influenced by maternal Zn treatment or piglet birth weight. Tail Cu for LBW piglets born to sows fed high Zn tended to be lower than Control piglets (P = 0.082) while piglets of LBW had greater concentrations of Fe (P = 0.018) and Cu (P = 0.031) in tails compared to ABW piglets. Piglets that died naturally had greater hepatic Fe concentrations (P < 0.001) than healthy euthanized piglets. Only 2 to 3 DEGs were noted between Control LBW and LBW piglets born to sows fed high Zn. However, 262 DEGs were identified between LBW and ABW piglets. Genes affected by birth weight were associated with pathways of translation and ribosomal activity. In conclusion, the timing of feeding high Zn concentrations to gestating sows had minimal influence on concentrations of trace minerals in sows and their offspring, while piglet birth weight may have meaningful effects on mineral metabolism and protein synthesis of neonatal piglets.
在妊娠期的不同时间给母猪补充高剂量的膳食锌（Zn），以确定其对仔猪组织矿物质浓度和基因表达的影响。每种处理方式分配10头母猪进行日粮处理：1）对照组——母猪从配种到产仔期间饲喂以玉米-豆粕为基础的日粮，日粮中通过羟基氯化锌提供的总补充锌含量为206 ppm；2）配种至产仔组——同对照组，但从配种后5天至产仔期间额外添加147 ppm的硫酸锌作为补充锌；3）妊娠110天至产仔组——同对照组，但从妊娠第110天开始至产仔期间额外添加4079 ppm的硫酸锌作为补充锌。对照组、配种至产仔组和妊娠110天至产仔组的最终补充锌浓度分别为206、353和4285 ppm。收集每头母猪的血清、初乳和乳汁。产仔时，从每头母猪所产的2头平均出生体重（ABW）仔猪和2头低出生体重（LBW）仔猪中，在出生后2天内选取用于采集血清和尾巴样本。从65头自然死亡（n = 35）或被安乐死（n = 30）的仔猪中采集肝脏组织。从另一组仔猪（每种处理方式9头低出生体重仔猪和8头平均出生体重的对照仔猪）采集血液用于RNA测序，以评估差异表达基因（DEG）和信号通路。矿物质浓度数据使用广义线性混合模型进行分析，RNAseq数据使用edgeR程序进行分析。日粮对母猪血清、初乳和乳汁中的矿物质浓度没有影响（P > 0.05）。仔猪血清中的矿物质浓度不受母体锌处理或仔猪出生体重的影响。饲喂高锌日粮的母猪所产低出生体重仔猪尾巴中的铜含量往往低于对照仔猪（P = 0.082），而与平均出生体重仔猪相比，低出生体重仔猪尾巴中的铁（P = 0.018）和铜（P = 0.031）含量更高。自然死亡的仔猪肝脏中铁浓度高于健康安乐死的仔猪（P < 0.001）。在对照组低出生体重仔猪和饲喂高锌日粮的母猪所产低出生体重仔猪之间仅发现2至3个差异表达基因。然而，在低出生体重仔猪和平均出生体重仔猪之间鉴定出262个差异表达基因。受出生体重影响的基因与翻译和核糖体活性信号通路有关。总之，给妊娠母猪饲喂高锌浓度的时间对母猪及其后代中微量元素的浓度影响极小，而仔猪出生体重可能对新生仔猪的矿物质代谢和蛋白质合成有显著影响。
