Yadav Krishna, Sahu Kantrol Kumar, Minz Sunita, Pradhan Madhulika
Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka Road, Kurud, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh 491024, India.
Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India.
Tissue Cell. 2025 Apr;93:102749. doi: 10.1016/j.tice.2025.102749. Epub 2025 Jan 23.
Exosomes are microscopic vesicles released by cells that transport various biological materials and play a vital role in intercellular communication. When they are engineered, they serve as efficient delivery systems for therapeutic agents, making it possible to precisely deliver active pharmaceutical ingredients to organs, tissues, and cells. Exosomes' pharmacokinetics, or how they are transported and metabolized inside the body, is affected by several factors, including their source of origination and the proteins in their cell membranes. The pharmacokinetics and mobility of both native and modified exosomes are being observed in living organisms using advanced imaging modalities such as in vitro-in vivo simulation, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. Establishing comprehensive criteria for the investigation of exosomal pharmacokinetic is essential, given its increasing significance in both therapy and diagnostics. To obtain a thorough understanding of exosome intake, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, molecular imaging methods are crucial. The development of industrial processes and therapeutic applications depends on the precise measurement of exosome concentration in biological samples. To ensure a seamless incorporation of exosomes into clinical practice, as their role in therapeutics grows, it is imperative to conduct a complete assessment of their pharmacokinetics. This review provides a brief on how exosome-based research is evolving and the need for pharmacokinetic consideration to realize the full potential of these promising new therapeutic approaches.
外泌体是细胞释放的微小囊泡，可运输各种生物物质，并在细胞间通讯中发挥重要作用。经过工程改造后，它们可作为治疗药物的高效递送系统，从而能够将活性药物成分精确递送至器官、组织和细胞。外泌体的药代动力学，即它们在体内的运输和代谢方式，受到多种因素的影响，包括其来源以及细胞膜中的蛋白质。目前正在使用先进的成像方式，如体外-体内模拟、磁共振成像和正电子发射断层扫描，在活生物体中观察天然外泌体和修饰外泌体的药代动力学和迁移率。鉴于外泌体药代动力学在治疗和诊断中的重要性日益增加，建立全面的外泌体药代动力学研究标准至关重要。为了全面了解外泌体的摄取、分布、代谢和排泄，分子成像方法至关重要。工业生产过程和治疗应用的发展取决于生物样品中外泌体浓度的精确测量。随着外泌体在治疗中的作用不断扩大，为确保其无缝融入临床实践，必须对其药代动力学进行全面评估。本综述简要介绍了基于外泌体的研究如何发展，以及考虑药代动力学以充分发挥这些有前景的新治疗方法潜力的必要性。
