Gordon Morris, de Geus Anna, Banasiuk Marcin, Benninga Marc A, Borrelli Osvaldo, Boruta Mary, Darbari Anil, Dore-Stites Dawn, Gould Michelle, Hawa Juliette, Jones Kirsten Brooke, Khlevner Julie, Kilgore Alexandra, Mousa Hayat, Nurko Samuel, Sinopoulou Vassiliki, Tabbers Merit, Thapar Nikhil
University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
Peadiatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
BMJ Paediatr Open. 2025 Feb 4;9(1):e003161. doi: 10.1136/bmjpo-2024-003161.
Functional constipation is common in childhood, with chronicity leading to a significant impact on patients and their families. There is a significant range of therapies available to healthcare professionals for this condition, with many novel or recently studied. There is a need for an update to the joint European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN)/North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) guidelines last released in 2014. We present the prospectively agreed operating procedure and technical review protocol in this manuscript.
'Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation' (GRADE) will be used for all phases of this guideline development. The Guideline Development Group is formed by paediatric gastroenterologists from both the ESPGHAN as well as the NASPGHAN. A prospective exercise will agree on key outcomes, thresholds of magnitude that are significant at small, moderate and large levels. Systematic evidence searches, selection, extraction, appraisal and analysis will be performed following Cochrane guidance and GRADE guidance for objectively agreeing the certainty of findings. Additional use of network meta-analysis will identify areas of broad triangulation in the evidence. Summary of findings tables will be produced and inform evidence to decision frameworks. These will guide GRADE recommendations with voting to reach a consensus.
功能性便秘在儿童中很常见，其慢性特征会对患者及其家庭产生重大影响。医疗保健专业人员针对这种情况有多种治疗方法可供选择，其中许多是新颖的或最近研究过的。2014年发布的欧洲儿科胃肠病学、肝病学和营养学会（ESPGHAN）/北美儿科胃肠病学、肝病学和营养学会（NASPGHAN）联合指南需要更新。我们在本手稿中介绍了前瞻性商定的操作程序和技术审查方案。
本指南制定的所有阶段都将使用“推荐分级评估、制定和评价”（GRADE）方法。指南制定小组由ESPGHAN和NASPGHAN的儿科胃肠病学家组成。一项前瞻性工作将确定关键结果、在小、中、大水平上具有显著意义的量级阈值。将按照Cochrane指南和GRADE指南进行系统的证据检索、选择、提取、评估和分析，以客观确定研究结果的确定性。额外使用网络荟萃分析将确定证据中广泛三角测量的领域。将编制研究结果总结表，并为决策框架提供证据。这些将指导GRADE推荐并通过投票达成共识。
