Orii Lisa, Wilson Kate S, Huwa Jacqueline, Kiruthu-Kamamia Christine, Sande Odala, Thawani Agness, Berner-Rodoreda Astrid, Viola Evelyn, Tweya Hannock, Tembo Petros, Masambuka Wapu, Anderson Richard, Feldacker Caryl
Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2025 Feb 6;20(2):e0296531. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296531. eCollection 2025.
Some differentiated service delivery (DSD) models for antiretroviral therapy (ART) allow stable recipients of care (RoC) to receive multi-month ART drug refills and complete rapid reviews in community sites. As DSD options expand across sub-Saharan Africa, RoC's preferences and perspectives on community-based DSD versus clinic-based care models warrants attention. Lighthouse Trust (LT) implements DSD services for the Ministry of Health in Lilongwe, Malawi, including a community-based ART service delivery model that complements it traditional, clinic-based care. In this qualitative study, we explore reasons why RoC enrolled in LT clinics and eligible for DSD chose clinic-based ART services or a Nurse-led Community-based ART Program (NCAP) that reaches clients in established community peer support groups. We conducted eight focus group discussions (FGDs) among LT RoC: four FGDs among NCAP groups and four clinic-based FGDs (2 per setting) to explore opinions, preferences, and perceptions about ART service delivery. FGDs were recorded in Chichewa, translated and transcribed into English for thematic analysis. Findings were discussed with LT and NCAP teams to ensure results resonated with their personal experiences. Sixty-three participants took part in FGDs. Many findings were similar across care model. Across both NCAP and clinic FGDs, RoC were pleased with the care quality and appreciated the convenience of integrating their appointment visits at their chosen care model into their daily lives. Across FGDs, RoC also appreciated the quality of care, the respectful provider-to-patient interactions, and the attention to privacy at community and clinic sites. RoC in both clinic and NCAP care models expressed satisfaction with their chosen care model and preferred that choice over alternative options and locations, some noting their willingness to travel far to access LT's high quality of clinic-based care. Privacy protection was an important consideration for choosing care models. At LT clinics, RoC highlighted the importance of physical separation between LT's HIV-specific service site and other care services. In NCAP, RoC expressed that their choice of care model was reinforced by the sense of mutual support they received through NCAP peer support. These findings suggest the importance of offering personal choice to RoC on care model and selection of DSD options to support their ongoing engagement in care.
一些抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART)的差异化服务提供(DSD)模式允许病情稳定的受治者(RoC)领取数月的ART药物补充装,并在社区场所完成快速复查。随着DSD选项在撒哈拉以南非洲地区不断扩展,RoC对基于社区的DSD与基于诊所的护理模式的偏好和看法值得关注。灯塔信托(LT)在马拉维利隆圭为卫生部实施DSD服务,包括一种基于社区的ART服务提供模式,作为对传统的基于诊所的护理的补充。在这项定性研究中,我们探讨了在LT诊所登记且有资格接受DSD的RoC选择基于诊所的ART服务或护士主导的基于社区的ART项目(NCAP)的原因,NCAP会接触既定社区同伴支持小组中的客户。我们在LT的RoC中进行了八次焦点小组讨论(FGD):在NCAP小组中进行了四次FGD,在基于诊所的小组中进行了四次FGD(每个场所两次),以探讨对ART服务提供的意见、偏好和看法。FGD用奇切瓦语记录,翻译并转录成英语进行主题分析。研究结果与LT和NCAP团队进行了讨论,以确保结果与他们的个人经历产生共鸣。63名参与者参加了FGD。不同护理模式的许多研究结果相似。在NCAP和诊所FGD中,RoC对护理质量感到满意,并赞赏将他们在所选护理模式下的预约就诊融入日常生活的便利性。在所有FGD中,RoC也赞赏护理质量、提供者与患者之间相互尊重的互动以及社区和诊所场所对隐私的关注。诊所和NCAP护理模式中的RoC都对他们选择的护理模式表示满意,并且比起其他选择和地点更喜欢这种选择,一些人指出他们愿意长途跋涉去接受LT高质量的基于诊所的护理。隐私保护是选择护理模式的一个重要考虑因素。在LT诊所,RoC强调了LT的HIV特定服务场所与其他护理服务之间物理隔离的重要性。在NCAP中,RoC表示他们通过NCAP同伴支持获得的相互支持感强化了他们对护理模式的选择。这些发现表明,为RoC提供护理模式的个人选择以及DSD选项的选择以支持他们持续参与护理非常重要。
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