Cupido Simone, Valeri Federica, Nicoli Stefano, Bargellini Paolo, Caivano Domenico, Birettoni Francesco, Bortolotti Andrea, Rishniw Mark, Porciello Francesco
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, Perugia, 06126, Italy.
Touchlabs 3Ddistrict, Bologna, Italy.
Vet Res Commun. 2025 Feb 7;49(2):100. doi: 10.1007/s11259-025-10668-1.
Extended reality includes both virtual and augmented realities. In virtual reality objects are rendered in an artificial environment where the user can move and interact with a head mounted display. In augmented reality virtual objects are superimposed to real environment enriching it via a head mounted display. In human medicine these technologies have been already used for educational surgical purposes, but remain relatively unknown in veterinary medicine. We report a case of a 1-year-old, female, French bulldog presented for exercise intolerance and dyspnea. Echocardiography showed signs of left ventricular enlargement with reduced fractional shortening and turbulent flow distal to the pulmonary artery bifurcation. Computed tomography revealed a complex vascular network comprising the descending aorta and left pulmonary artery resembling a patent ductus arteriosus. Virtual reality was used for the surgical planning and a left thoracotomy was performed to close the abnormal vessel at the level of the entrance in the left pulmonary artery with augmented reality assistance. No complications were reported during or after the surgery and the dog completely recovered. Echocardiographic findings 3 days, 1 month and 18 months after the surgery demonstrated absence of residual flow and improving ventricular dimensions. To our knowledge this report documents the first use of extended reality for the visualization, planning and execution of the surgical correction of a complex vascular defect in veterinary medicine.
扩展现实包括虚拟现实和增强现实。在虚拟现实中，物体在人工环境中呈现，用户可以通过头戴式显示器在其中移动并进行交互。在增强现实中，虚拟物体叠加在真实环境上，通过头戴式显示器丰富真实环境。在人类医学中，这些技术已被用于教育性手术目的，但在兽医学中仍相对鲜为人知。我们报告了一例1岁雌性法国斗牛犬，因运动不耐受和呼吸困难前来就诊。超声心动图显示左心室扩大，缩短分数降低，肺动脉分叉远端有湍流。计算机断层扫描显示一个复杂的血管网络，由降主动脉和左肺动脉组成，类似动脉导管未闭。虚拟现实用于手术规划，并在增强现实辅助下进行左胸切开术，以封闭左肺动脉入口处的异常血管。手术期间及术后均未报告并发症，该犬完全康复。术后3天、1个月和18个月的超声心动图检查结果显示无残余血流，心室大小改善。据我们所知，本报告记录了扩展现实在兽医学中首次用于复杂血管缺陷手术矫正的可视化、规划和执行。
