Peters Mattison, Field Cara L, Hortensius Lisabet M, Soper Jennifer, Burco Julia, Kelly Terra R, Prager K C
The Marine Mammal Center, 2000 Bunker Rd., Sausalito, California 94965, USA.
Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, 7118 NE Vandenberg Ave., Corvallis, Oregon 97330, USA.
J Wildl Dis. 2025 Apr 1;61(2):461-466. doi: 10.7589/JWD-D-24-00055.
Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis impacting wild and domestic animals globally. Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona is endemic in free-ranging California sea lions (CSLs; Zalophus californianus), and leptospirosis is frequently diagnosed in stranded CSLs. Serum microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is a commonly performed diagnostic assay, and CSLs with clinical disease have reliably elevated MAT titers. However, MAT results may not be available for several days after sampling. Given the zoonotic and high transmission potential of Leptospira spp., a point-of-care diagnostic test would be valuable in rehabilitation and managed care settings and during outbreak response efforts. The IDEXX SNAP and Zoetis WITNESS anti-Leptospira antibody tests are rapid diagnostic tools that have been validated in dogs and give a qualitative (positive or negative), not quantitative (exact titer), result. The SNAP test uses ELISA to detect both immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG antibodies, whereas the WITNESS test is a lateral flow assay that only detects IgM. We compared SNAP and WITNESS results with MAT results by using serum collected from stranded and free-ranging CSL with negative, low, medium, and high anti-Leptospira antibody titers as previously determined by MAT. Percent agreement between SNAP and MAT results was high, with a Cohen's kappa statistic of 0.957. No WITNESS tests were positive. These findings suggest that the SNAP test may be useful for detecting anti-Leptospira antibodies and ruling out leptospirosis in CSL.
钩端螺旋体病是一种细菌性人畜共患病，在全球范围内影响着野生动物和家畜。波摩那群问号钩端螺旋体在加利福尼亚州野生海狮（CSLs；加州海狗）中呈地方性流行，并且在搁浅的CSLs中经常诊断出钩端螺旋体病。血清显微镜凝集试验（MAT）是一种常用的诊断检测方法，患有临床疾病的CSLs的MAT滴度确实会升高。然而，采样后几天内可能无法获得MAT结果。鉴于钩端螺旋体属的人畜共患性和高传播潜力，即时诊断检测在康复和管理护理环境以及疫情应对工作中具有重要价值。IDEXX SNAP和硕腾WITNESS抗钩端螺旋体抗体检测是已在犬类中得到验证的快速诊断工具，可给出定性（阳性或阴性）而非定量（确切滴度）结果。SNAP检测使用酶联免疫吸附测定法来检测免疫球蛋白（Ig）M和IgG抗体，而WITNESS检测是一种仅检测IgM的侧向流动分析。我们通过使用从搁浅和野生CSLs采集的血清，将SNAP和WITNESS检测结果与MAT结果进行比较，这些血清的抗钩端螺旋体抗体滴度如先前通过MAT所确定的那样分为阴性、低、中、高。SNAP和MAT结果之间的一致性百分比很高，科恩kappa统计值为0.957。没有WITNESS检测呈阳性。这些发现表明，SNAP检测可能有助于检测CSLs中的抗钩端螺旋体抗体并排除钩端螺旋体病。
