Sarsangi Peyman, Mohammadi Mohammad, Nadjarzadeh Azadeh, Salehi-Abargouei Amin, Esmaillzadeh Ahmad, Mirzaei Masoud
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Br J Nutr. 2025 Feb 28;133(4):532-543. doi: 10.1017/S0007114524002307. Epub 2025 Feb 10.
There is a lack of information from Middle Eastern countries regarding diet-disease associations. We examined dietary glycaemic and insulinemic potential in relation to risk of incident diabetes among a large group of Iranian adults. The present study was carried out using data from Yazd Health Study-Taghzieh Mardom Yazd, a prospective cohort study on adults aged 20-70 years in Yazd Greater Area, Iran. This study was initiated in 2014-2016 (baseline examination), and data are collected prospectively at one 5-year intervals. Data on demographic characteristics, dietary intakes and potential confounders were gathered by interview. During the follow-up phase of the study, diabetes incidence was confirmed by laboratory tests and physician diagnoses. This study included a total of 6178 participants in the cross-sectional analysis and 5105 subjects in the prospective phase. Examining the cross-sectional phase, we failed to find any significant association between dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) as well as dietary insulin index (DII) or dietary insulin load (DIL) and prevalence of diabetes. No significant relationship was also seen between DII/DIL and risk of T2DM in the prospective phase; however, in the stratified analysis by BMI status, there was an inverse significant association between DII and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio for T3 . T1: 0·19; 95 % CI: 0·04, 0·92; = 0·03) in non-obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m) and overweight (BMI < 25 kg/m) participants. No significant association was found between dietary GI/ dietary GL/ DII/ or DIL with risk of T2DM. More research, particularly with a longer follow-up duration, is needed to confirm these findings.
中东国家缺乏有关饮食与疾病关联的信息。我们在一大群伊朗成年人中研究了饮食的血糖和胰岛素生成潜力与新发糖尿病风险之间的关系。本研究使用了亚兹德健康研究——亚兹德民众健康调查的数据，这是一项针对伊朗大亚兹德地区20至70岁成年人的前瞻性队列研究。该研究于2014年至2016年启动（基线检查），并每隔5年前瞻性收集一次数据。通过访谈收集了人口统计学特征、饮食摄入量和潜在混杂因素的数据。在研究的随访阶段，通过实验室检查和医生诊断来确认糖尿病发病率。本研究在横断面分析中总共纳入了6178名参与者，在前瞻性阶段纳入了5105名受试者。在横断面阶段的研究中，我们未发现饮食血糖指数（GI）、血糖负荷（GL）、饮食胰岛素指数（DII）或饮食胰岛素负荷（DIL）与糖尿病患病率之间存在任何显著关联。在前瞻性阶段，也未发现DII/DIL与2型糖尿病风险之间存在显著关系；然而，在按BMI状态进行的分层分析中，在非肥胖（BMI≥25kg/m）和超重（BMI<25kg/m）参与者中，DII与2型糖尿病风险之间存在显著负相关（T3.T1的风险比：0·19；95%CI：0·04，0·92；P = 0·03）。未发现饮食GI/饮食GL/DII/或DIL与2型糖尿病风险之间存在显著关联。需要更多研究，尤其是随访时间更长的研究来证实这些发现。
