Lu Yuchang, Li Xuewei, Deng Yuanqi, Wang Kai, Li Yan, Zhao Mingwei
Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
BMC Ophthalmol. 2025 Feb 11;25(1):65. doi: 10.1186/s12886-025-03890-7.
To investigate the impact of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure on myopia prevalence and risk among nonmyopic children in China.
This was a retrospective cohort study. A total of 232 children aged 5-10 years were included, with 128 exposed to SHS and 104 who were not. Baseline characteristics such as age, sex, height, weight, spherical equivalent refraction (SER), axial length (AL), average corneal K-reading (Ave-K), intraocular pressure (IOP), pupil diameter (PD) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) were measured. Follow-up assessments at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month visits were focused on changes in SER and AL. Behavioural and parental factors, including parental myopia status, parental education level, daily time spent on near work and outdoor activities were collected via questionnaires from medical records. Linear regression was applied to identify the factors that have a significant impact on axial elongation over 1 year.
The mean spherical refraction myopic shift in the SHS group was - 0.64 ± 0.41 D/year, which was significantly greater than that in the control group (-0.47 ± 0.52 D/year) (P = 0.004). Children in the SHS group had significantly greater axial elongation than did children in the control group (0.26 ± 0.14 mm vs. 0.20 ± 0.13 mm, P = 0.002). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that SHS exposure (β = 0.053, P = 0.002), baseline SER (β = -0.054, P = 0.001) and parental myopia (β = 0.028, P = 0.036) were significant predictors of 12-month axial elongation.
This retrospective cohort study revealed that SHS exposure was associated with a greater likelihood of developing early-onset myopia. These findings indicate that eradicating SHS exposure is highly important for preventing myopia among children, especially in families with young children.
探讨二手烟暴露对中国非近视儿童近视患病率及患病风险的影响。
这是一项回顾性队列研究。共纳入232名5至10岁儿童，其中128名暴露于二手烟环境，104名未暴露。测量了年龄、性别、身高、体重、等效球镜度（SER）、眼轴长度（AL）、平均角膜曲率读数（Ave-K）、眼压（IOP）、瞳孔直径（PD）和黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度（SFCT）等基线特征。在3个月、6个月、9个月和12个月随访时重点评估SER和AL的变化。通过病历问卷收集行为和父母因素，包括父母近视状况、父母教育水平、每日近距离工作和户外活动时间。应用线性回归确定对1年内眼轴伸长有显著影响的因素。
二手烟暴露组平均球镜近视偏移为-0.64±0.41 D/年，显著大于对照组（-0.47±0.52 D/年）（P = 0.004）。二手烟暴露组儿童的眼轴伸长显著大于对照组（0.26±0.14 mm对0.20±0.13 mm，P = 0.002）。多因素线性回归分析显示，二手烟暴露（β = 0.053，P = 0.002）、基线SER（β = -0.054，P = 0.001）和父母近视（β = 0.028，P = 0.036）是12个月时眼轴伸长的显著预测因素。
这项回顾性队列研究表明，二手烟暴露与早发性近视发生的可能性增加有关。这些发现表明，消除二手烟暴露对于预防儿童近视非常重要，尤其是在有幼儿的家庭中。
