Ge Hongbo, Qian Ying, Li Binyi
Department of Ultrasound, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu, China.
Med Sci Monit. 2025 Feb 11;31:e945732. doi: 10.12659/MSM.945732.
BACKGROUND Thyroid nodules, common in adults, especially females and older individuals, are mostly asymptomatic. While the nodules are largely benign, distinguishing malignant lesions is crucial. Overdiagnosis and overtreatment pose risks. Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) surveys can identify knowledge gaps and inform targeted education; however, no studies have explored this in Chinese patients with thyroid nodules. This study aimed to investigate the KAP toward thyroid nodules among patients with thyroid nodules. MATERIAL AND METHODS This web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with thyroid nodules, using a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 456 valid questionnaires were included. The mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 7.07±3.19, 26.39±3.98, and 29.16±4.65, respectively. Knowledge (OR=1.111, P=0.002), junior college (OR=1.933, P=0.035), and bachelor's degree or above (OR=2.193, P=0.015) were associated with proactive practice. Structural equation modeling showed knowledge directly influenced attitude (ß=0.244, P<0.001) and practice (ß=0.404, P<0.001). Attitude directly influenced practice (ß=-0.129, P=0.020). Occupation (ß=-0.279, P=0.038), marital status (ß=-0.752, P=0.002), thyroid nodule TIRADS classification (ß=-0.699, P=0.004), and education (ß=0.501, P<0.001) directly influenced knowledge. Average per capita income (ß=0.942, P<0.001) and education (ß=0.380, P=0.309) directly influenced attitude. Education (ß=0.457, P=0.028) directly influenced practice. CONCLUSIONS Patients with thyroid nodules have poor knowledge and unfavorable attitudes but proactive practice toward thyroid nodules. Anxiety-reducing techniques should be incorporated during education sessions, and workplace wellness programs should be explored, to promote healthy practices and early detection.
甲状腺结节在成年人中很常见，尤其是女性和老年人，大多数无症状。虽然结节大多为良性，但区分恶性病变至关重要。过度诊断和过度治疗存在风险。知识、态度和行为（KAP）调查可以识别知识差距并为有针对性的教育提供信息；然而，尚未有研究在中国甲状腺结节患者中对此进行探讨。本研究旨在调查甲状腺结节患者对甲状腺结节的KAP。
本基于网络的横断面研究在甲状腺结节患者中进行，使用自填式问卷。
共纳入456份有效问卷。知识、态度和行为的平均得分分别为7.07±3.19、26.39±3.98和29.16±4.65。知识（OR = 1.111，P = 0.002）、大专学历（OR = 1.933，P = 0.035）和本科学历及以上（OR = 2.193，P = 0.015）与积极行为相关。结构方程模型显示，知识直接影响态度（β = 0.244，P < 0.001）和行为（β = 0.404，P < 0.001）。态度直接影响行为（β = -0.129，P = 0.020）。职业（β = -0.279，P = 0.038）、婚姻状况（β = -0.752，P = 0.002）、甲状腺结节TIRADS分类（β = -0.699，P = 0.004）和教育程度（β = 0.501，P < 0.001）直接影响知识。人均收入（β = 0.942，P < 0.001）和教育程度（β = 0.380，P = 0.309）直接影响态度。教育程度（β = 0.457，P = 0.028）直接影响行为。
甲状腺结节患者对甲状腺结节的知识掌握不足，态度不佳，但行为积极。在教育过程中应纳入减轻焦虑的技巧，并探索职场健康计划，以促进健康行为和早期发现。
