Sun Xuange, Wu Yibo, Miao Juanxia, Wang Xue, Ma Yi, Zang Shuang
Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China.
School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Feb 12;25(1):588. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-21794-5.
Anxiety is a severe global health problem. The long-established urban-rural dichotomy in China has led to unequal development in rural and urban areas, which may result in significant differences in the anxiety of rural and urban China. However, a comprehensive nationwide study exploring such disparities among Chinese adults remains lacking.
The study extracted 27875 Chinese adults from the Psychology and Behaviour Investigation of Chinese Residents in 2022. The study utilized generalized linear regression analysis to explore the factors associated with Chinese adults' anxiety in urban and rural areas. Further, we used the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition to analyze the role of explanatory factors in urban-rural disparities in anxiety among Chinese adults.
The median anxiety score among rural adults was 5.00 (P: 1.00, P: 7.00), surpassing that among urban adults, which was 4.00 (P: 0.00, P: 7.00) (P < 0.001). The generalized linear model showed that the differences in anxiety between rural and urban Chinese adults were reflected in intermittent fasting and marital status, career status, family per capita monthly income, age, and gender. The Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition revealed that 83.49% of the urban-rural disparities in anxiety among Chinese adults could be explained, and interpersonal network level was the most significant explanatory factor.
The prevalence of anxiety was higher in rural than in urban Chinese adults. The government should identify urban-rural disparities' explanatory factors to target precise intervention strategies, thereby narrowing the mental health differences between rural and urban.
焦虑是一个严重的全球性健康问题。中国长期存在的城乡二元结构导致了农村和城市地区发展不均衡，这可能导致中国城乡居民焦虑水平存在显著差异。然而，目前仍缺乏一项全面的全国性研究来探讨中国成年人之间的这种差异。
本研究从2022年中国居民心理与行为调查中提取了27875名中国成年人。该研究采用广义线性回归分析来探讨与中国城乡成年人焦虑相关的因素。此外，我们使用布林德-奥萨卡分解法来分析解释性因素在中国成年人焦虑城乡差异中的作用。
农村成年人的焦虑得分中位数为5.00（P：1.00，P：7.00），超过了城市成年人的4.00（P：0.00，P：7.00）（P < 0.001）。广义线性模型显示，中国城乡成年人焦虑的差异体现在间歇性禁食、婚姻状况、职业状况、家庭人均月收入、年龄和性别等方面。布林德-奥萨卡分解显示，中国成年人焦虑的城乡差异中有83.49%可以得到解释，人际网络水平是最显著的解释性因素。
中国农村成年人的焦虑患病率高于城市。政府应确定城乡差异的解释性因素，以制定精准干预策略，从而缩小城乡心理健康差异。
