Mashaba Given R, Phoswa Wendy N, Lebelo Sogolo L, Choma Solomon S R, Maimela Eric, Mokgalaboni Kabelo
Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Private Bag X6, Florida, Roodepoort 1710, South Africa.
DIMAMO Population Health Research Centre, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa.
J Clin Med. 2025 Feb 6;14(3):1033. doi: 10.3390/jcm14031033.
Diabetes mellitus [DM) is a fast-increasing non-communicable disease in South Africa, with a prevalence of 11.3%. The present study aimed to longitudinally investigate the association of carotid intima-media thickness [CIMT) progression and cardiovascular risk factors in the T2DM and non-DM rural black population of South Africa. This population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted in the Dikgale Mamabolo Mothiba Surveillance area between 2014 and 2023 by the Africa Wits INDEPTH Partnership for Genomic Research (AWI-Gen). The IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 27 was used to analyze data. The paired T-test was used to determine the mean differences between baseline and follow-up. Longitudinal estimates of the association of CIMT with CVD risk factors in the T2DM and non-DM groups were analyzed using linear mixed models. The baseline mean age was 51.64 years. There was a significant increase in CIMT (left and mean CIMT), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pulse rate in the T2DM and non-DM groups. In the T2DM group, there was a strong significant association between age (2.20 mm), LDL-C (4.30 mm), SBP (4.57 mm), and waist/hip ratio (0.24 mm) with CIMT progression. The non-DM group revealed a significant association between LDL-C (0.001 mm), SBP (1.41 mm), and CIMT progression. CIMT was associated with other main CVD-related risk factors (age, LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, TC/HDL-C ratio, waist/hip ratio, and SBP). CIMT progression was more pronounced in the T2DM group than non-DM, suggesting a higher risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications in T2DM individuals.
糖尿病（DM）在南非是一种快速增长的非传染性疾病，患病率为11.3%。本研究旨在纵向调查南非农村2型糖尿病（T2DM）和非糖尿病人群中颈动脉内膜中层厚度（CIMT）进展与心血管危险因素之间的关联。这项基于人群的回顾性队列研究由非洲维特沃特斯兰德大学基因组研究深度合作项目（AWI-Gen）于2014年至2023年在迪加尔·马马博洛·莫蒂巴监测区进行。使用IBM社会科学统计软件包第27版分析数据。配对t检验用于确定基线和随访之间的平均差异。使用线性混合模型分析T2DM组和非糖尿病组中CIMT与心血管疾病危险因素之间关联的纵向估计值。基线平均年龄为51.64岁。T2DM组和非糖尿病组的CIMT（左侧和平均CIMT）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）和脉搏率均显著增加。在T2DM组中，年龄（2.20毫米）、LDL-C（4.30毫米）、SBP（4.57毫米）和腰臀比（0.24毫米）与CIMT进展之间存在强显著关联。非糖尿病组显示LDL-C（0.001毫米）、SBP（1.41毫米）与CIMT进展之间存在显著关联。CIMT与其他主要心血管疾病相关危险因素（年龄、LDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C比值、TC/HDL-C比值、腰臀比和SBP）相关。T2DM组的CIMT进展比非糖尿病组更明显，表明T2DM个体发生动脉粥样硬化和心血管并发症的风险更高。
