ABA and Pre-Harvest Sprouting Differences in Knockout Lines of OsPHS3 Encoding Carotenoid Isomerase via CRISPR/Cas9 in Rice.

We generated and characterized knockout mutant lines of the gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The knockout lines of the gene showed that 1 bp and 7 bp deletion, early termination codons were used for protein production. Agronomic characteristics of knock-out lines were reduced in plant height, culm diameter, panicle length, seed size and weight, except for the number of tillers. In addition, we analyzed the expression levels of carotenoid biosynthesis genes by qRT-PCR. Among the genes encoding carotenoid metabolic pathway enzymes, the level of transcripts of , , , and were higher in the KO lines than in the WT line. In contrast, transcription of the ε, - and genes were downregulated in the KO lines compared to the WT line. Also, the KO lines decreased carotenoid content and ABA amount compared to WT, while preharvest sprouts increased. These results suggested that they would certainly help explain the molecular mechanisms of PHS in other crops, such as wheat and barley, which are susceptible to PHS.