Ren Xingliang, Wei Yaqi, Zhu Lina, El Korso Mohammed Nabil
Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Jan 23;25(3):663. doi: 10.3390/s25030663.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing with Index Modulation (OFDM-IM) holds significant importance in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, with its main advantages being outstanding spectral efficiency and strong interference resistance. However, the existing OFDM-IM systems in vehicular networks overlook actual vehicular network channels and the impact of scatterers, thus failing to accurately reflect the system performance. Moreover, these systems focus solely on the bit error rate (BER) and ignore user requirements for low energy consumption and high spectral efficiency. To address these issues, we propose a user demand- and scenario-adaptive OFDM-IM method that optimizes the OFDM-IM index parameter by considering the spectral efficiency, BER, and energy consumption. Firstly, considering non-line-of-sight components and roadside reflectors, we establish a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication channel model for straight road scenarios. Then, we construct a transmission framework for vehicular network communication using OFDM-IM. Specifically, we develop an energy efficiency maximization formula, in which fuzzy logic is used to adjust the weights of the three performance indicators to meet various environmental and user requirements. In detail, we discuss the minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) required for OFDM-IM to achieve a lower BER than traditional OFDM in various vehicular communication scenarios. Thus, we can make appropriate choices based on the robustness of the simulation results. The simulation results presented in this paper indicate our method's effectiveness in enhancing the system's reliability, efficiency, and flexibility.
带索引调制的正交频分复用（OFDM-IM）在车联网（V2X）通信中具有重要意义，其主要优点是出色的频谱效率和强大的抗干扰能力。然而，现有车载网络中的OFDM-IM系统忽略了实际的车载网络信道和散射体的影响，因此无法准确反映系统性能。此外，这些系统仅关注误码率（BER），而忽略了用户对低能耗和高频谱效率的要求。为了解决这些问题，我们提出了一种用户需求和场景自适应的OFDM-IM方法，该方法通过考虑频谱效率、BER和能耗来优化OFDM-IM索引参数。首先，考虑非视距分量和路边反射器，我们建立了直线路径场景下的车对车（V2V）通信信道模型。然后，我们构建了使用OFDM-IM的车载网络通信传输框架。具体来说，我们推导了一个能量效率最大化公式，其中使用模糊逻辑来调整三个性能指标的权重，以满足各种环境和用户需求。详细地说，我们讨论了在各种车载通信场景中，OFDM-IM要实现比传统OFDM更低的BER所需的最小信噪比（SNR）。因此，我们可以根据仿真结果的稳健性做出适当选择。本文给出的仿真结果表明了我们的方法在提高系统可靠性、效率和灵活性方面的有效性。
