Patil Mahie, Iftikhar Nofel, Ganti Latha
Orlando Science School.
Biology University of Florida.
Health Psychol Res. 2024 Sep 21;12:123439. doi: 10.52965/001c.123439. eCollection 2024.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a condition that affects social communication, behavior, and interests. This review analyzes recent brain imaging studies to understand the biological basis of ASD. Studies using structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) show that people with ASD often have less gray matter in key brain areas like the amygdala and superior temporal sulcus. There are also concerns with white matter connections in the brain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)studies show reduced connectivity within critical brain networks and irregular activation patterns when processing social information. Intervention studies suggest that targeted training can improve brain function related to social skills. Postmortem research reveals cellular and synaptic changes, such as fewer Purkinje cells and altered neuron organization. These findings highlight the importance of studying the social brain network in ASD and suggest the need for more long-term, comprehensive studies. This review is intended to contribute to the development of advanced diagnostic tools and therapies that will ultimately enhance the quality of life for individuals with ASD.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种影响社交沟通、行为和兴趣的病症。本综述分析了近期的脑成像研究，以了解ASD的生物学基础。使用结构磁共振成像（sMRI）的研究表明，患有ASD的人在杏仁核和颞上沟等关键脑区的灰质通常较少。大脑中的白质连接也存在问题。功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究表明，在处理社交信息时，关键脑网络内的连通性降低，激活模式不规则。干预研究表明，有针对性的训练可以改善与社交技能相关的脑功能。尸检研究揭示了细胞和突触的变化，如浦肯野细胞减少和神经元组织改变。这些发现凸显了研究ASD社交脑网络的重要性，并表明需要进行更多长期、全面的研究。本综述旨在为先进诊断工具和疗法的开发做出贡献，最终提高ASD患者的生活质量。
