Levy Vivian, Branzuela Anna, Hsieh Kristina, Getabecha Shiffen, Berumen Ricardo, Saadeh Kayla, Snyder Robert E, Marek Gillian, Dodson Daniel, Newman Alyssa, Hacker Jill K, Kath Chantha, Minhaj Faisal S, Gigante Crystal M, Gearhart Shannon, Kallen Alexander, Hutson Christina L, Jacobson Kathleen
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2025 Feb 13;74(4):44-49. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7404a1.
A clade I monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak is ongoing in the Democratic Republic of the Congo; travel-associated clade I MPXV infections have been reported in non-African countries. In November 2024, San Mateo County Health in California identified an electronic laboratory report of polymerase chain reaction results suggestive of clade I MPXV infection in a male traveler who had recently returned from East Africa. After conferring with the California Department of Public Health (CDPH), a county health department worker visited the patient that same day at his home and obtained skin pustule swab specimens for expedited clade I MPXV testing. Clade I MPXV was confirmed the following day by the CDPH Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory. This was the first reported clade I MPXV infection in the Americas. Among 83 identified contacts, five received JYNNEOS vaccine as postexposure prophylaxis. All contacts were monitored for 21 days; no secondary cases were identified. Patients with mpox-compatible lesions or clinical features should receive MPXV testing, and health care providers should immediately notify public health authorities of suspected clade I MPXV infections (e.g., mpox manifestations and travel history to an area with ongoing clade I MPXV transmission) or upon receiving a nonvariola orthopoxvirus DNA detected, clade II MPXV DNA undetectable test result to trigger additional testing and facilitate the rapid implementation of transmission-based precautions and other preventive public health interventions.
刚果民主共和国正在发生 I 分支猴痘病毒（MPXV）疫情；在非洲以外国家已报告了与旅行相关的 I 分支 MPXV 感染病例。2024 年 11 月，加利福尼亚州圣马特奥县卫生部门发现一份电子实验室报告，一名近期从东非返回的男性旅行者的聚合酶链反应结果提示感染了 I 分支 MPXV。在与加利福尼亚州公共卫生部（CDPH）协商后，县卫生部门的一名工作人员于当日前往患者家中，采集了皮肤脓疱拭子标本，以便快速进行 I 分支 MPXV 检测。次日，CDPH 病毒和立克次体病实验室确认该患者感染了 I 分支 MPXV。这是美洲地区首次报告的 I 分支 MPXV 感染病例。在 83 名已识别的接触者中，有 5 人接种了 JYNNEOS 疫苗作为暴露后预防措施。对所有接触者进行了 21 天的监测；未发现二代病例。出现猴痘样病变或临床特征的患者应接受 MPXV 检测，医疗保健提供者在怀疑感染 I 分支 MPXV（如猴痘表现及前往有 I 分支 MPXV 持续传播地区的旅行史）或收到检测结果显示检测到非天花正痘病毒 DNA 且未检测到 II 分支 MPXV DNA 时，应立即通知公共卫生当局，以启动进一步检测并促进迅速实施基于传播的预防措施和其他预防性公共卫生干预措施。
