Xi Xiaozhi, Guo Shasha, Gu Yuchao, Wang Xuekai, Wang Qiang
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China.; Oncology Department, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, 250023 Jinan, People's Republic of China.; Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 266003 Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
Shandong Women's University, 250355 Jinan, People's Republic of China.
Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2025 Apr;1880(2):189284. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2025.189284. Epub 2025 Feb 11.
Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) have emerged as a promising tool in tumor immunotherapy, garnering significant attention in recent years due to their unique structure and superior properties. Unlike traditional antibodies, sdAbs exhibit several advantages, including small molecular weight, high stability, strong affinity, and high specificity. These characteristics enable sdAbs to effectively target and eliminate tumor cells within the complex tumor microenvironment. Moreover, their structural advantages enhance tissue penetration and reduce immunogenicity, thereby increasing their potential for clinical application. The potential applications of sdAbs include novel immune checkpoint inhibitors, bispecific antibody drugs, innovative immune cell therapies, antibody-drug conjugate therapies, and tumor molecular imaging diagnostics. Despite the promising prospects, several challenges of sdAb-based tumor immunotherapy still require further investigation. This review aims to summarize the status of sdAb-based immunotherapy, identify the challenges encountered, and evaluate the clinical research and application potential of sdAbs in this field.
单域抗体（sdAbs）已成为肿瘤免疫治疗中一种很有前景的工具，近年来因其独特的结构和优越的特性而备受关注。与传统抗体不同，单域抗体具有几个优点，包括分子量小、稳定性高、亲和力强和特异性高。这些特性使单域抗体能够在复杂的肿瘤微环境中有效地靶向并消除肿瘤细胞。此外，它们的结构优势增强了组织穿透力并降低了免疫原性，从而增加了其临床应用潜力。单域抗体的潜在应用包括新型免疫检查点抑制剂、双特异性抗体药物、创新免疫细胞疗法、抗体药物偶联疗法以及肿瘤分子成像诊断。尽管前景广阔，但基于单域抗体的肿瘤免疫治疗仍面临一些挑战有待进一步研究。本综述旨在总结基于单域抗体的免疫治疗现状，识别所遇到的挑战，并评估单域抗体在该领域的临床研究和应用潜力。
