Planas-Sitjà Isaac, Ioannou Christos C
Animal Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Japan.
School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Commun Biol. 2025 Feb 13;8(1):227. doi: 10.1038/s42003-025-07669-w.
Consistent differences in intrinsic state, amplified through state-dependent behaviour, could explain the ubiquity of animal personality variation. Boldness is often positively associated with a high metabolism and food intake. Even though a high food consumption is known to compromise oxygen-demanding activities, the influence of food intake on anti-predator escape responses has rarely been considered. By conducting experiments with three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in a setup with real-time tracking and a decoy heron predator, we show that bolder fish benefited from a higher food intake than shy fish, and reacted faster to a predator attack when food intake was the same before being attacked. However, a higher food intake slowed down the escape responses. These results shine light on how the fitness of shy and bold tactics could be balanced in the wild: the faster reaction of bold fish is impaired by their higher food consumption.
内在状态的一致差异，通过依赖状态的行为得到放大，这可以解释动物个性差异的普遍性。大胆通常与高代谢率和食物摄入量呈正相关。尽管已知高食物消耗量会损害需氧活动，但食物摄入量对反捕食者逃避反应的影响却很少被考虑。通过在一个配备实时跟踪和诱饵苍鹭捕食者的装置中对三刺鱼（Gasterosteus aculeatus）进行实验，我们发现，大胆的鱼比胆小的鱼从更高的食物摄入量中受益，并且在被攻击前食物摄入量相同时，对捕食者攻击的反应更快。然而，更高的食物摄入量会减缓逃避反应。这些结果揭示了在野外害羞和大胆策略的适应性如何能够达到平衡：大胆的鱼更快的反应会因其更高的食物消耗量而受到损害。
