Thakkar Simran, Bhattacharya Saptarshi, Nagendra Lakshmi, Kalra Sanjay
Department of Endocrinology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, India.
Department of Endocrinology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India.
J Pak Med Assoc. 2025 Feb;75(2):328-330. doi: 10.47391/JPMA.25-10.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder marked by the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. While insulin therapy remains the standard of care, advancements in immunotherapy present promising alternatives aimed at halting disease progression and reducing insulin dependence. This brief review highlights key immunomodulatory therapies, including teplizumab, which has demonstrated the ability to delay the onset of T1D, and rituximab, known for preserving β-cell function, though its effects tend to be transient. Emerging treatments, such as stem-cell therapies, also show potential. However, significant challenges remain, including high costs, long-term safety concerns, and the need for personalized care. As this therapeutic landscape evolves, further research is critical to optimizing these strategies and moving closer to a potential cure for T1D.
1型糖尿病（T1D）是一种自身免疫性疾病，其特征是产生胰岛素的胰腺β细胞被破坏。虽然胰岛素治疗仍然是标准治疗方法，但免疫疗法的进展提供了有前景的替代方案，旨在阻止疾病进展并减少胰岛素依赖。本简要综述重点介绍了关键的免疫调节疗法，包括已证明有能力延迟T1D发病的替普珠单抗，以及以保留β细胞功能而闻名的利妥昔单抗，不过其效果往往是短暂的。新兴疗法，如干细胞疗法，也显示出潜力。然而，重大挑战依然存在，包括高成本、长期安全性问题以及个性化护理的需求。随着这一治疗领域的不断发展，进一步的研究对于优化这些策略并更接近T1D潜在治愈方法至关重要。
