G1期动力学对癌细胞干性获得的影响:细胞周期蛋白D的关键作用。
Impact of G1 phase kinetics on the acquisition of stemness in cancer cells: the critical role of cyclin D.
作者信息
Ahmadi Yasin, Faiq Tahran, Abolhasani Sakhavat
机构信息
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Department of Basic Sciences and Health, Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, East Azerbaijan, Iran.
出版信息
Mol Biol Rep. 2025 Feb 14;52(1):230. doi: 10.1007/s11033-025-10351-3.
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a unique subpopulation of cells with the ability to self-renew and differentiate, thereby sustaining tumor growth and contributing to disease recurrence. Although CSCs predominantly reside in the G phase, their stem-like properties, such as the expression of specific CD markers, self-renewal, differentiation potential, tumor initiation, drug resistance, and increased invasive and metastatic potential, manifest during their active proliferative phase. Rapidly dividing cells exhibit alterations in their cell cycle, often characterized by shortened or bypassed G phases, a phenomenon observed in both embryonic stem cells and cancerous cells. Dysregulation of cell cycle control is a hallmark of cancer, leading to uncontrolled cellular proliferation and tumorigenesis. Disruption in key regulatory proteins, signaling pathways, and cell cycle checkpoints-particularly during the G phase-enables cancer cells to escape normal proliferation restrictions. The rapid cell-cycle progression can impair the timely degradation of proteins critical for cell cycle regulation, particularly cyclin D, thereby compromising proper cell cycle control. Therefore these proteins may be passed to daughter cells, promoting further rounds of rapid cycles. Additionally, cyclin D is often overexpressed in cancer cells, further exacerbating uncontrolled proliferation. These mechanisms may underpin key properties of CSCs, including rapid proliferation and their stem-like traits. This review examines the relationship between G phase kinetics and the acquisition of stem-like characteristics, emphasizing how rapid G phase progression and transitions between dormancy and active proliferation contribute to the emergence of CSC traits.
癌症干细胞(CSCs)是一类独特的细胞亚群,具有自我更新和分化能力,从而维持肿瘤生长并导致疾病复发。尽管癌症干细胞主要处于G期,但它们的干细胞样特性,如特定CD标志物的表达、自我更新、分化潜能、肿瘤起始能力、耐药性以及增加的侵袭和转移潜能,在其活跃增殖期表现出来。快速分裂的细胞在细胞周期中表现出改变,其特征通常是G期缩短或跳过,这种现象在胚胎干细胞和癌细胞中均有观察到。细胞周期调控失调是癌症的一个标志,导致细胞不受控制地增殖和肿瘤发生。关键调节蛋白、信号通路和细胞周期检查点的破坏——尤其是在G期期间——使癌细胞能够逃避正常的增殖限制。快速的细胞周期进程会损害对细胞周期调控至关重要的蛋白质的及时降解,特别是细胞周期蛋白D,从而损害正常的细胞周期控制。因此,这些蛋白质可能传递给子细胞,促进进一步的快速周期。此外,细胞周期蛋白D在癌细胞中经常过度表达,进一步加剧不受控制的增殖。这些机制可能是癌症干细胞关键特性的基础,包括快速增殖及其干细胞样特征。本综述探讨了G期动力学与干细胞样特征获得之间的关系,强调了快速的G期进程以及休眠与活跃增殖之间的转变如何促成癌症干细胞特征的出现。