Bolkent Sema
Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.
Genes Cells. 2024 Dec;29(12):1099-1110. doi: 10.1111/gtc.13172. Epub 2024 Oct 8.
The asymmetric cell division determines cell diversity and distinct sibling cell fates by mechanisms linked to mitosis. Many adult stem cells divide asymmetrically to balance self-renewal and differentiation. The process of asymmetric cell division involves an axis of polarity and, second, the localization of cell fate determinants at the cell poles. Asymmetric division of stem cells is achieved by intrinsic and extrinsic fate determinants such as signaling molecules, epigenetics factors, molecules regulating gene expression, and polarized organelles. At least some stem cells perform asymmetric and symmetric cell divisions during development. Asymmetric division ensures that the number of stem cells remains constant throughout life. The asymmetric division of stem cells plays an important role in biological events such as embryogenesis, tissue regeneration and carcinogenesis. This review summarizes recent advances in the regulation of asymmetric stem cell division in model organisms.
不对称细胞分裂通过与有丝分裂相关的机制决定细胞多样性和不同的子代细胞命运。许多成体干细胞进行不对称分裂以平衡自我更新和分化。不对称细胞分裂过程涉及极性轴，其次是细胞命运决定因子在细胞两极的定位。干细胞的不对称分裂是由内在和外在的命运决定因子实现的，如信号分子、表观遗传因子、调节基因表达的分子以及极化细胞器。至少一些干细胞在发育过程中进行不对称和对称细胞分裂。不对称分裂确保干细胞数量在整个生命过程中保持恒定。干细胞的不对称分裂在胚胎发生、组织再生和致癌等生物学事件中起重要作用。本综述总结了模式生物中不对称干细胞分裂调控的最新进展。
