Dridi Sophie-Myriam, Ameline Clément, Masucci Caterina, Fontas Eric, Charavet Carole
Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Département de Parodontologie, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
Pôle Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nice, Unité de Parodontologie, Nice, France.
Clin Oral Investig. 2025 Feb 15;29(2):130. doi: 10.1007/s00784-025-06206-7.
To investigate the prevalence of the gingival phenotype in the mandibular incisor area and the associated risk indicators.
This cross-sectional study involved clinical examination to record main periodontal characteristics (gingival phenotypes) at the tooth level. Then, a phenotype at the subject level was defined as fragile (at least one thin phenotype on one of the four incisors) versus resistant (no thin phenotype on the four incisors). Furthermore, orthodontic parameters were assessed based on photographic examination. Two blinded periodontists and two blinded orthodontists were involved in the data collection. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were implemented.
A total of 119 students were included, encompassing 476 incisors. The prevalence of gingival phenotypes at the tooth level was as follows: thin/high (63.9%), thick/high (36.3%), thin/reduced (5.9%), and thick/reduced (0.2%). At the subject level, the fragile phenotype predominated (81.5%) and showed a significant correlation with the visibility of roots prominence (OR = 4.09, 95% CI: 1.47-11.41, p = 0.007).
Considering the conditions of this study, in the mandibular incisor area, the thin/high gingival phenotype exhibited the highest prevalence at the tooth level. At the subject level, the presence of visible roots prominence was identified as the only significant risk indicator associated with the fragile phenotype.
General practitioners, periodontists and orthodontists should consider the mandibular incisor sector as a vulnerable area. Categorizing the overall gingival phénotype into 4 types improves the diagnostic approach and allows better identification of high-risk phenotypes, especially in cases requiring multidisciplinary management.
Number NCT05813444.
研究下颌切牙区牙龈表型的患病率及相关风险指标。
本横断面研究通过临床检查记录牙齿水平的主要牙周特征（牙龈表型）。然后，将受试者水平的表型定义为脆弱型（四颗切牙中至少有一颗为薄型表型）与抵抗型（四颗切牙均无薄型表型）。此外，基于摄影检查评估正畸参数。两名盲法牙周病医生和两名盲法正畸医生参与数据收集。实施单因素和多因素逻辑回归模型。
共纳入119名学生，包括476颗切牙。牙齿水平牙龈表型的患病率如下：薄/高型（63.9%）、厚/高型（36.3%）、薄/退缩型（5.9%）和厚/退缩型（0.2%）。在受试者水平，脆弱型表型占主导（81.5%），且与牙根突出的可见性显著相关（OR = 4.09，95%CI：1.47 - 11.41，p = 0.007）。
考虑到本研究的条件，在下颌切牙区，薄/高型牙龈表型在牙齿水平的患病率最高。在受试者水平，可见牙根突出被确定为与脆弱型表型相关的唯一显著风险指标。
全科医生、牙周病医生和正畸医生应将下颌切牙区视为易患区域。将整体牙龈表型分为4种类型可改善诊断方法，并能更好地识别高危表型，尤其是在需要多学科管理的病例中。
编号NCT05813444。
