Doshi Mahima, Rabari Vasantkumar, Trivedi Jigneshkumar
Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India.
Water Environ Res. 2025 Feb;97(2):e70042. doi: 10.1002/wer.70042.
Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the marine environment and harmful for biodiversity. This review was based on 311 studies published on various online platforms published between 2006 and 2024 on MP contamination in marine sediment and water in different countries of Asia. The research highlights an increasing trend in MP contamination studies, with China and India. Analytical techniques for sample collection, digestion, flotation, and polymer identification are discussed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) emerged as the preferred method for polymer identification. The maximum MP contamination in marine sediments was recorded at Taiwan and Indonesia, while the maximum MP contamination in marine water was recorded in China, Malaysia, and India. The fiber was the most dominant shape. The 1-2 mm and 500 μ-1 mm-sized MPs having blue color were found dominantly. The pollution indices revealed a very high risk of MP contamination in all the Asian countries. PRACTITIONER POINTS: China and India are the leading in publications on MP contamination studies. Common tools used are steel scoop/spatula/shovel for sediment, nets for water. FTIR is the preferred method for polymer identification. Highest MP in sediment of Indonesia and in water of China, Malaysia, and India. Dominant MP shape: fiber; size 1-2 mm and 500 μ-1 mm, blue color.
微塑料（MPs）在海洋环境中无处不在，对生物多样性有害。本综述基于2006年至2024年间在各种在线平台上发表的311项关于亚洲不同国家海洋沉积物和水中微塑料污染的研究。研究突出了微塑料污染研究的增长趋势，尤其是中国和印度。文中讨论了样本采集、消解、浮选和聚合物识别的分析技术。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）成为聚合物识别的首选方法。海洋沉积物中微塑料污染最高的记录出现在台湾和印度尼西亚，而海水中微塑料污染最高的记录出现在中国、马来西亚和印度。纤维是最主要的形状。主要发现的是尺寸为1-2毫米和500微米-1毫米、蓝色的微塑料。污染指数显示所有亚洲国家都存在微塑料污染的极高风险。从业者要点：中国和印度在微塑料污染研究的出版物方面处于领先地位。常用工具是用于沉积物的钢勺/刮刀/铲子、用于水的网。FTIR是聚合物识别的首选方法。印度尼西亚沉积物和中国、马来西亚及印度水中的微塑料含量最高。主要的微塑料形状：纤维；尺寸1-2毫米和500微米-1毫米，蓝色。
