Sahin Seray, Palamar Melis, Egrilmez Sait, Yagci Ayse, Selver Ozlem Barut
Department of Ophthalmology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. 2024 Dec 2;30(4):241-245. doi: 10.4103/meajo.meajo_105_23. eCollection 2023 Oct-Dec.
The purpose of this study was to examine demographic and tomographic parameters in pediatric patients diagnosed with keratoconus and to evaluate the difference between early and late age periods.
This retrospective study included patients younger than 18 years of age who were diagnosed with keratoconus. All examination findings, demographic data, tomography parameters, and keratoconus stages were recorded. The patients were divided into two groups: 14 years or younger (Group 1) and those between 14 and 18 years old (Group 2). All corneal tomography parameters were compared in the subgroups and were evaluated statistically. <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
A total of 131 eyes of 71 patients were included. The mean age was 15.7 ± 1.8 (range, 10-18) years, and the female-to-male ratio was 23/48. The mean best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was 0.36 ± 0.44 (range, 0-3.1) logMAR. The averages of K1, K2, Km, and Kmax were 49.0 ± 6.2 (range, 39.6-74.5) D, 53.5 ± 7.0 (range, 43.3-76.8) D, 51.3 ± 6.5 (range, 41.5-75) D, and 59.1 ± 9.0 (range, 44.7-85.2) D, respectively, and the mean central corneal thickness (CCT) was 456.9 ± 63.5 µm (range, 261-601). The distribution of eyes with keratoconus from stages 1-4 was 5.3%, 36.6%, 38.9%, and 19.1%, respectively. When the groups were compared, K1, K2, Km, and Kmax were significantly steeper in Group 1 compared to Group 2 ( = 0.006, = 0.004, = 0.004, and = 0.007, respectively). CCT and the thinnest corneal thickness values were significantly less in Group 1 ( = 0.038 and = 0.041, respectively).
The decision for treatment - especially cross-linking - should be made at the right time due to the increased risk of progression in the earlier ages in pediatric keratoconus population.
本研究旨在检查诊断为圆锥角膜的儿科患者的人口统计学和断层扫描参数，并评估早期和晚期年龄段之间的差异。
这项回顾性研究纳入了诊断为圆锥角膜的18岁以下患者。记录所有检查结果、人口统计学数据、断层扫描参数和圆锥角膜分期。患者分为两组：14岁及以下（第1组）和14至18岁（第2组）。比较亚组中的所有角膜断层扫描参数并进行统计学评估。P<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
共纳入71例患者的131只眼。平均年龄为15.7±1.8（范围10 - 18）岁，男女比例为23/48。最佳矫正视力平均为0.36±0.44（范围0 - 3.1）logMAR。K1、K2、Km和Kmax的平均值分别为49.0±6.2（范围39.6 - 74.5）D、53.5±7.0（范围43.3 - 76.8）D、51.3±6.5（范围41.5 - 75）D和59.1±9.0（范围44.7 - 85.2）D，中央角膜厚度（CCT）平均值为456.9±63.5 µm（范围261 - 601）。圆锥角膜1 - 4期的眼部分布分别为5.3%、36.6%、38.9%和19.1%。比较两组时，第1组的K1、K2、Km和Kmax明显比第2组陡峭（P值分别为0.006、0.004、0.004和0.007）。第1组的CCT和最薄角膜厚度值明显更小（P值分别为0.038和0.041）。
由于儿科圆锥角膜患者在较早年龄进展风险增加，治疗决策——尤其是交联治疗——应在合适的时间做出。
