Joseph Judith F, Tural Umit, Joseph Nikeisha D, Mendoza Teresa E, Patel Eshna, Reifer Rachel, Deregnaucourt Margot
Pediatric and Adult Psychiatry, Manhattan Behavioral Medicine, New York, USA.
Psychiatric Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, USA.
Cureus. 2025 Feb 12;17(2):e78891. doi: 10.7759/cureus.78891. eCollection 2025 Feb.
High-functioning depression (HFD) is described as experiencing depressive symptoms such as fatigue, anhedonia, poor concentration, guilt, restlessness, sleep disturbances, and appetite changes without experiencing a lack of functioning or significant distress. The purpose of this study is to characterize the clinical correlates of HFD.
This study entailed a descriptive, cross-sectional design based on interviews administered to120 English-speaking participants with HFD (aged 18-75). The interview involved administering a semi-structured HFD Analysis Questionnaire, the Joseph HFD Inventory, the HFD Trauma Inventory, and the Joseph HFD Anhedonia Scale in a single, 30-minute session for each participant. Big traumas, defined as extremely traumatic events, were analyzed by the trauma inventory.
Out of the 120 participants, 72 (60%) demonstrated HFD, and 17 (14%) demonstrated very HFD. A correlation was observed between symptoms of HFD, such as anhedonia and marital status, as post hoc tests showed that the average Anhedonia Scale score was higher for married or partnered participants than those who were single (p=0.038). As anticipated, the participants with higher Anhedonia Scale scores had higher HFD scores (p=0.003). These participants also experienced higher trauma inventory scores and big traumas. Furthermore, as participant education level increased, the number of big traumas reported decreased (p<0.001). Participants who were parents/caregivers of children also had the highest Anhedonia Scale and HFD scores (p=0.0126 and p=0.0210, respectively).
The results supported the hypothesis that individuals with HFD have increased levels of anhedonia and trauma. However, trauma scores were inversely associated with education level in HFD.
高功能抑郁症（HFD）被描述为经历诸如疲劳、快感缺乏、注意力不集中、内疚、坐立不安、睡眠障碍和食欲改变等抑郁症状，而不会出现功能缺失或严重痛苦。本研究的目的是描述高功能抑郁症的临床相关因素。
本研究采用描述性横断面设计，对120名18至75岁说英语的高功能抑郁症患者进行访谈。访谈包括在一次30分钟的访谈中，为每位参与者发放一份半结构化的高功能抑郁症分析问卷、约瑟夫高功能抑郁症量表、高功能抑郁症创伤量表和约瑟夫高功能抑郁症快感缺乏量表。由创伤量表分析被定义为极其创伤性事件的重大创伤。
在120名参与者中，72人（60%）表现为高功能抑郁症，17人（14%）表现为非常高功能抑郁症。高功能抑郁症症状（如快感缺乏）与婚姻状况之间存在相关性，事后检验表明，已婚或有伴侣的参与者的平均快感缺乏量表得分高于单身参与者（p = 0.038）。正如预期的那样，快感缺乏量表得分较高的参与者高功能抑郁症得分也较高（p = 0.003）。这些参与者的创伤量表得分和重大创伤经历也更高。此外，随着参与者教育水平的提高，报告的重大创伤数量减少（p < 0.001）。身为孩子父母/照顾者的参与者的快感缺乏量表和高功能抑郁症得分也最高（分别为p = 0.0126和p = 0.0210）。
结果支持了高功能抑郁症患者快感缺乏和创伤水平增加的假设。然而，在高功能抑郁症中，创伤得分与教育水平呈负相关。
