Xu Kai, Wu Chongying, Chen Zhaofeng, Li Manna, Yang Lixia, Ai Sufen, Cui Sheng
School of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, P.R. China.
School of Biology and Materials Engineering, Suqian University, Suqian 223800, P.R. China.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2025 Feb 26;17(8):12653-12662. doi: 10.1021/acsami.4c21072. Epub 2025 Feb 18.
Nanoparticulate silica is renowned for its excellent thermal insulation and low density; however, it faces challenges in practical applications due to high production costs and poor mechanical properties. In this study, a lightweight, hydrophobic, and insulative composite consisting of fumed silica and melamine foam (MF-FS) was prepared by using an atmospheric impregnation and drying process. Four different concentrations of fumed silica (5, 10, 15, and 20%) were systematically incorporated into the melamine foam to assess their effects on the composite's performance. The microstructure, thermal insulation, and sound absorption properties of the resulting materials were characterized. Mechanical tests showed that the addition of fumed silica enhanced the tensile strength of the composites, and the optimal concentration was 15%. Thermal conductivity measurements showed that the room temperature thermal conductivity of the composites decreased with an increasing fumed silica content, reaching a minimum of 26.24 mW/m·K at 15% fumed silica. Sound absorption tests indicated significant improvements in sound insulation attributed to the increased complexity of sound wave propagation paths within the composites. Additionally, the composites exhibited excellent water repellency, which is crucial for maintaining long-term thermal insulation efficiency in humid environments. These findings suggest that MF-FS composites have substantial potential for thermal insulation and soundproofing applications, particularly in the power battery and construction industries, where there is a high demand for cost-effective and high-performance materials.
纳米二氧化硅以其优异的隔热性能和低密度而闻名；然而，由于生产成本高和机械性能差，它在实际应用中面临挑战。在本研究中，通过大气浸渍和干燥工艺制备了一种由气相二氧化硅和三聚氰胺泡沫（MF-FS）组成的轻质、疏水且隔热的复合材料。将四种不同浓度（5%、10%、15%和20%）的气相二氧化硅系统地掺入三聚氰胺泡沫中，以评估它们对复合材料性能的影响。对所得材料的微观结构、隔热性能和吸声性能进行了表征。力学测试表明，添加气相二氧化硅提高了复合材料的拉伸强度，最佳浓度为15%。热导率测量表明，复合材料的室温热导率随着气相二氧化硅含量的增加而降低，在气相二氧化硅含量为15%时达到最小值26.24 mW/m·K。吸声测试表明，由于复合材料内声波传播路径的复杂性增加，隔音性能有显著改善。此外，该复合材料表现出优异的疏水性，这对于在潮湿环境中保持长期隔热效率至关重要。这些发现表明，MF-FS复合材料在隔热和隔音应用方面具有巨大潜力，特别是在对经济高效和高性能材料有高需求的动力电池和建筑行业。
