Kaye Matthew B, Hobday Linda K, Ibrahim Aishah, Brugink Leesa, Thorley Bruce R
National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Doherty Institute, 792 Elizabeth St, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia.
Commun Dis Intell (2018). 2025 Feb 19;49. doi: 10.33321/cdi.2025.49.013.
Australia monitors its polio-free status by conducting surveillance for cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in children less than 15 years of age, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Cases of AFP in children are notified to the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit or the Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance System and faecal specimens are referred for virological investigation to the National Enterovirus Reference Laboratory. In 2023, no cases of poliomyelitis were reported from clinical surveillance and Australia reported 1.71 non-polio AFP cases per 100,000 children, thereby meeting the WHO's performance criterion for a sensitive surveillance system. The non-polio enteroviruses coxsackievirus A9, coxsackievirus B5, echovirus 9, echovirus 30, enterovirus A71 and enterovirus C96 were identified from clinical specimens collected from AFP cases. Australia also performs enterovirus and wastewater surveillance to complement the clinical system focussed on children. In 2023, there were twelve cases of wild poliovirus reported from the last two remaining endemic countries: Afghanistan and Pakistan. Another 23 countries reported cases of poliomyelitis due to circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus.
澳大利亚按照世界卫生组织（WHO）的建议，通过对15岁以下儿童的急性弛缓性麻痹（AFP）病例进行监测，来监控其无脊髓灰质炎状态。儿童AFP病例会通报给澳大利亚儿科监测部门或儿科主动强化疾病监测系统，粪便样本会被送往国家肠道病毒参考实验室进行病毒学调查。2023年，临床监测未报告脊髓灰质炎病例，澳大利亚报告每10万名儿童中有1.71例非脊髓灰质炎AFP病例，从而达到了WHO对敏感监测系统的绩效标准。从AFP病例采集的临床样本中鉴定出了非脊髓灰质炎肠道病毒柯萨奇病毒A9、柯萨奇病毒B5、埃可病毒9、埃可病毒30、肠道病毒A71和肠道病毒C96。澳大利亚还开展肠道病毒和废水监测，以补充针对儿童的临床监测系统。2023年，最后两个脊髓灰质炎流行国家——阿富汗和巴基斯坦报告了12例野生脊髓灰质炎病毒病例。另外23个国家报告了因疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒传播导致的脊髓灰质炎病例。
