Pérez Estela, de Diego Alicia, Gómez Álex, Rodríguez-Largo Ana, Pérez Marta, Luján Lluís
Departamento de Patología Animal, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Instituto Universitario de Investigación Mixto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50013, Spain.
Vet Res Commun. 2025 Feb 19;49(2):108. doi: 10.1007/s11259-025-10679-y.
Aluminum (Al) has been an effective adjuvant in vaccines for nearly a century in animals and humans. Al can induce persistent granulomatous inflammatory responses characterized by macrophages with large granular, blue-gray cytoplasm sometimes with intracytoplasmic structures known as crystalloid bodies. These granulomas have been linked to proliferative and neoplastic conditions at injection sites in animal and humans. The detection of Al in tissue is crucial but current methods are time-intensive and require specialized training. This study highlights the efficacy of the modified Al-hematoxylin (MAH) technique in animals. Tissues from Al-induced lesions in sheep and cats were examined, along with non-aluminum granulomas as controls and MAH results were confirmed with lumogallion staining. In sheep, MAH positively stained granuloma macrophages, crystalloid bodies, necrotic regions and nearby connective tissue macrophages, while lymphoid aggregates present in granulomas were consistently negative. Macrophages loaded with Al and crystalloid bodies in lymph nodes were also MAH-positive, as were macrophages in contaminated injection sites following application of commercial Al-based vaccines. In cats with Feline Injection Site Sarcoma (FISS), MAH detected macrophage clusters around the tumor periphery and within the sarcoma. This cost-effective, rapid, and specific technique provides valuable insights for diagnosing Al-related conditions and could serve as an animal model for other species, including humans.
近一个世纪以来，铝（Al）在动物和人类疫苗中一直是一种有效的佐剂。铝能诱导持续性肉芽肿性炎症反应，其特征是巨噬细胞具有大颗粒、蓝灰色细胞质，有时还含有称为晶体小体的胞质内结构。这些肉芽肿与动物和人类注射部位的增殖性和肿瘤性疾病有关。在组织中检测铝至关重要，但目前的方法耗时且需要专门培训。本研究强调了改良铝苏木精（MAH）技术在动物中的有效性。对绵羊和猫铝诱导损伤的组织进行了检查，并将非铝肉芽肿作为对照，用卢莫加里昂染色法证实了MAH结果。在绵羊中，MAH对肉芽肿巨噬细胞、晶体小体、坏死区域和附近的结缔组织巨噬细胞呈阳性染色，而肉芽肿中存在的淋巴聚集物始终呈阴性。淋巴结中含有铝和晶体小体的巨噬细胞以及接种商用铝基疫苗后受污染注射部位的巨噬细胞也呈MAH阳性。在患有猫注射部位肉瘤（FISS）的猫中，MAH检测到肿瘤周边和肉瘤内的巨噬细胞簇。这种经济高效、快速且特异的技术为诊断铝相关疾病提供了有价值的见解，并可作为包括人类在内的其他物种的动物模型。
