墨西哥一项基于人群的麻疹血清学调查：对疫情再次出现的影响。
A population-based measles serosurvey in Mexico: Implications for re-emergence.
作者信息
Carnalla Martha, Gaspar-Castillo Carlos, Dimas-González Jisela, Aparicio-Antonio Rodrigo, Justo-Berrueta Patricia S, López-Martínez Irma, Shamah-Levy Teresa, Lazcano-Ponce Eduardo, Barrientos-Gutiérrez Tonatiuh, Alpuche-Aranda Celia M, Martínez-Barnetche Jesús
机构信息
Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
出版信息
Vaccine. 2025 Apr 2;51:126886. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126886. Epub 2025 Feb 18.
BACKGROUND
Measles is a highly contagious, potentially life-threatening viral disease targeted for global elimination. Deficiencies in vaccination programs and vaccine-induced immunity waning may favor re-emergence. In 2020, Mexico experienced an outbreak, mainly affecting adults in urban areas.
METHODS
To estimate vaccination-induced serostatus, we used a probabilistic population-based sample of individuals from the ENSANUT survey in 2022. Seroprevalence was estimated by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and anti-measles IgG ELISA.
RESULTS
Seroprevalence was 82.4 % (95 %CI 79.6, 85.0 %) by PRNT and 61.1 % (95 %CI 58.6, 63.7 %) by ELISA. The 20-29 years of age group showed the lowest PRNT seroprevalence (63.6 %), followed by the 30-39 group (71.8 %) and 40-49 (77.7 %).
DISCUSSION
Low seroprevalence in young adults suggests possible low coverage of the second dose and/or waning immunity in absence of viral circulation in the 1989-2008 birth cohorts. In case of imported introduction of measles cases, susceptibility in young adults and adults could facilitate an outbreak.
背景
麻疹是一种极具传染性、可能危及生命的病毒性疾病，目标是在全球范围内消除。疫苗接种计划的不足以及疫苗诱导的免疫力减弱可能会促使其再度出现。2020年，墨西哥爆发了疫情，主要影响城市地区的成年人。
方法
为了评估疫苗接种诱导的血清状态，我们使用了2022年ENSANUT调查中基于概率抽样的人群样本。通过蚀斑减少中和试验（PRNT）和抗麻疹IgG ELISA检测估计血清阳性率。
结果
通过PRNT检测的血清阳性率为82.4%（95%CI 79.6, 85.0%），通过ELISA检测为61.1%（95%CI 58.6, 63.7%）。20 - 29岁年龄组的PRNT血清阳性率最低（63.6%），其次是30 - 39岁组（71.8%）和40 - 49岁组（77.7%）。
讨论
年轻人血清阳性率低表明1989 - 2008年出生队列中可能第二剂疫苗接种覆盖率低和/或在没有病毒传播的情况下免疫力减弱。如果输入麻疹病例，年轻人和成年人的易感性可能会促使疫情爆发。
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