体育锻炼对减轻照料者负担的影响：一项系统综述。
Effects of physical exercise in reducing caregivers burden: a systematic review.
作者信息
Cardoso Carla, Lumini Maria José, Martins Teresa
机构信息
Serviço de Oncologia Cirúrgica, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, Porto, Portugal.
Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
出版信息
Front Public Health. 2025 Feb 5;13:1474913. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1474913. eCollection 2025.
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Caring for someone can be physically and psychologically demanding, predisposing caregivers to muscle injuries, fatigue, exhaustion, depression, anxiety, and burnout. The literature suggests several approaches to reducing caregiver burden, one of which is physical exercise. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the effectiveness of exercise-based programs or muscle relaxation in reducing caregiver burden and stress among family caregivers.
METHOD
A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The search was performed in the Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases and through the EBSCOhost aggregator (CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE, and SportDiscus). Studies were selected based on the PICOD acronym.
RESULTS
Eleven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and two other experimental studies were included. The reviewed programs encompassed aerobics, strengthening, and muscle relaxation exercises, delivered by various professionals in diverse settings, such as caregivers' homes, gyms, and hospital environments. Although the programs varied in type, duration, and structure, the majority of the studies demonstrated positive effects on caregivers' physical and psychological well-being, along with reductions in burden and stress.
CONCLUSION
The results suggest that physical exercise interventions are effective in reducing caregiver burden and stress, while also enhancing overall well-being. Future strategies should emphasize the importance of raising awareness among caregivers about adopting healthy lifestyles, with a particular focus on regular physical activity, as a means of relaxation and self-care. To maximize the effectiveness of these interventions, incorporating flexible, home-based components and engaging multidisciplinary teams could enhance accessibility, adherence, and impact.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023446129, PROSPERO 2023 CRD42023446129.
背景与目的
照顾他人会给身体和心理带来负担，使照顾者容易出现肌肉损伤、疲劳、精疲力竭、抑郁、焦虑和职业倦怠。文献提出了几种减轻照顾者负担的方法，其中之一是体育锻炼。本系统评价的目的是分析基于运动的项目或肌肉放松对减轻家庭照顾者的负担和压力的有效性。
方法
按照PRISMA指南进行系统的文献综述。检索在科学网、考克兰图书馆和Scopus数据库以及通过EBSCOhost聚合器（CINAHL Plus、MEDLINE和SportDiscus）进行。根据PICOD首字母缩写选择研究。
结果
纳入了11项随机对照试验（RCT）和另外两项实验研究。所综述的项目包括有氧运动、强化运动和肌肉放松运动，由不同专业人员在不同环境中提供，如照顾者家中、健身房和医院环境。尽管这些项目在类型、持续时间和结构上各不相同，但大多数研究表明对照顾者的身心健康有积极影响，同时减轻了负担和压力。
结论
结果表明体育锻炼干预在减轻照顾者负担和压力方面是有效的，同时还能提高整体幸福感。未来的策略应强调提高照顾者对采用健康生活方式的认识的重要性，尤其注重定期体育活动，将其作为放松和自我护理的一种方式。为了使这些干预措施的效果最大化，纳入灵活的家庭部分并让多学科团队参与可以提高可及性、依从性和影响力。
系统评价注册
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023446129，PROSPERO 2023 CRD42023446129。
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