Comparison of dynamic navigation systems in dental implantology: a systematic literature review of in vitro studies.

Dynamic navigation is an innovative technology in implant surgery that enhances the precision of implant placement through real-time guidance for clinicians. This technology allows on-the-spot adjustments during surgery, reducing the risk of complications and improving implant outcomes. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the accuracy of various dynamic navigation systems in implant placement using in vitro models. A comprehensive literature search was performed across several databases, focusing on studies published between 2016 and 2024 that reported three-dimensional (3D) and angular deviations. Seven in vitro studies were included, analysing five dynamic navigation systems (ImplaNav, Navident, Denacam, X-Guide, and DCARER), with 649 implants evaluated. Results showed mean coronal 3D deviations between 0.46 mm and 1.58 mm, while apical deviations ranged from 0.48 mm to 2.12 mm. Angular deviations varied between 1.01° and 4.24°. Maximum deviations reached up to 4.80 mm for coronal 3D deviation and 10.70° for angular deviation. All systems demonstrated high accuracy within clinically acceptable limits, with X-Guide showing the lowest numerical errors. Factors like tracking technology, calibration methods, and user experience were found to influence accuracy. Overall, dynamic navigation significantly improves implant placement accuracy compared to freehand methods but remains dependent on technical factors.