Jahn Nora, Geisslitz Sabrina, Konradl Ulla, Fleissner Klaus, Scherf Katharina A
Department of Bioactive and Functional Food Chemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20 a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354, Freising, Germany.
NPJ Sci Food. 2025 Feb 20;9(1):24. doi: 10.1038/s41538-025-00385-z.
Amylase/trypsin-inhibitors (ATIs) are triggers for wheat-related disorders like baker's asthma and non-celiac wheat sensitivity. With the rise of wheat-related disorders among the population, the hypothesis that breeding may have resulted in changes in the protein composition of wheat was put forward. The ATI content of 14 German common wheat landraces and six modern varieties harvested in three consecutive years was analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the inhibitory activity against α-amylase was measured with an enzymatic assay. The mean ATI content and proportion of crude protein of both groups did not differ. There were also only small differences in the content and proportion of single ATIs. The mean values for the inhibitory activity of both groups were also similar. These results indicate that breeding might not have led to changes in the protein composition and landraces are unlikely to be better tolerated than modern varieties.
淀粉酶/胰蛋白酶抑制剂（ATIs）是引发如面包师哮喘和非乳糜泻性小麦敏感等与小麦相关疾病的诱因。随着人群中与小麦相关疾病的增多，有人提出育种可能导致小麦蛋白质组成发生变化这一假说。采用液相色谱-串联质谱法分析了连续三年收获的14个德国普通小麦地方品种和6个现代品种的ATI含量，并用酶法测定了其对α-淀粉酶的抑制活性。两组的平均ATI含量和粗蛋白比例没有差异。单一ATI的含量和比例也只有微小差异。两组的抑制活性平均值也相似。这些结果表明，育种可能并未导致蛋白质组成发生变化，地方品种未必比现代品种更具耐受性。
