High-risk neuroblastomas, often associated with MYCN protooncogene amplification, are addicted to polyamines, small polycations vital for cellular functioning. We have previously shown that neuroblastoma cells increase polyamine uptake when exposed to the polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), and this mechanism is thought to limit the efficacy of the drug in clinical trials. This finding resulted in the clinical development of polyamine transport inhibitors, including AMXT 1501, which is presently under clinical investigation in combination with DFMO. However, the mechanisms and transporters involved in DFMO-induced polyamine uptake are unknown. Here, we report that knockdown of ATPase 13A3 (ATP13A3), a member of the P5B-ATPase polyamine transporter family, limited basal and DFMO-induced polyamine uptake, attenuated MYCN-amplified and non-MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell growth, and potentiated the inhibitory effects of DFMO. Conversely, overexpression of ATP13A3 in neuroblastoma cells increased polyamine uptake, which was inhibited by AMXT 1501, highlighting ATP13A3 as a key target of the drug. An association between high ATP13A3 expression and poor survival in neuroblastoma further supports a role of this transporter in neuroblastoma progression. Thus, this study identified ATP13A3 as a critical regulator of basal and DFMO-induced polyamine uptake and a novel therapeutic target for neuroblastoma.