Edlinger Carolin von, Markert Udo R
Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
Womens Health (Lond). 2025 Jan-Dec;21:17455057241305265. doi: 10.1177/17455057241305265.
Nicotine use during pregnancy remains a widespread problem in obstetrics, leading to complications such as intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, stillbirth, and sudden infant death syndrome. Consistent education by medical personnel is essential, as no medication or supplement has been found to prevent the dangers of nicotine use during pregnancy. If a pregnant woman is unable to quit nicotine despite intensive efforts, vitamin C, with its antioxidant properties, may help mitigate these risks, as suggested by some studies. This review summarizes current knowledge based on publications related to vitamin C, nicotine, and pregnancy. Research was conducted on the medical literature platforms PubMed and Cochrane Library, using all relevant studies to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic. The identified studies primarily examined the impact of maternal smoking and nicotine on placental function, as well as the respiratory, cardiac, neuronal, and bone systems of the offspring. They suggest that vitamin C has a generally positive preventive or protective effect, though no study has shown complete compensation for the damage caused by nicotine. Nicotine abstinence remains the most crucial preventive measure. If this is not achievable despite intensive efforts by medical personnel, vitamin C supplementation during pregnancy may be considered. With a very low side effect profile, a daily dose of up to 500 mg can be recommended. However, further studies are necessary to provide reliable data on the effectiveness and appropriate dosage, given an ethically justifiable study approach.
孕期吸烟在产科领域仍是一个普遍存在的问题，会导致诸如胎儿宫内生长受限、早产、死产和婴儿猝死综合征等并发症。医务人员持续进行教育至关重要，因为尚未发现任何药物或补充剂能够预防孕期吸烟带来的危害。一些研究表明，如果孕妇尽管付出巨大努力仍无法戒烟，具有抗氧化特性的维生素C可能有助于减轻这些风险。本综述基于与维生素C、尼古丁和妊娠相关的出版物总结了当前的知识。研究在医学文献平台PubMed和Cochrane图书馆上进行，使用了所有相关研究以全面概述该主题。已确定的研究主要考察了母亲吸烟和尼古丁对胎盘功能以及后代呼吸、心脏、神经和骨骼系统的影响。这些研究表明，维生素C总体上具有积极的预防或保护作用，尽管没有研究表明它能完全弥补尼古丁造成的损害。戒烟仍然是最关键的预防措施。如果医务人员尽了最大努力仍无法实现戒烟，那么可以考虑在孕期补充维生素C。鉴于其副作用非常低，建议每日剂量高达500毫克。然而，鉴于研究方法在伦理上是合理的，需要进一步研究以提供关于其有效性和合适剂量的可靠数据。
