Kennedy J G, Carter D R
J Biomech Eng. 1985 May;107(2):183-8. doi: 10.1115/1.3138539.
The influences of heterogeneity, anisotropy and geometric irregularity on the unrestrained, linearly elastic torsional response of long bones are assessed. Longitudinal geometric variations contribute insignificantly to the torsional response for typical long bone geometries. Anisotropy, heterogeneity and transverse geometric irregularity significantly influence the torsional response. A procedure is discussed which uses an approximate means to characterize both heterogeneity and anisotropy in predicting the torsional response. The accuracy of circular and elliptical annulus models of the bone cross-sectional geometry are assessed by comparing the stress predictions of these simple models to those of finite element models of the bone geometry.
评估了非均匀性、各向异性和几何不规则性对长骨无约束线性弹性扭转响应的影响。对于典型的长骨几何形状，纵向几何变化对扭转响应的贡献微不足道。各向异性、非均匀性和横向几何不规则性对扭转响应有显著影响。讨论了一种在预测扭转响应时使用近似方法来表征非均匀性和各向异性的程序。通过将这些简单模型的应力预测与骨几何形状的有限元模型的应力预测进行比较，评估了骨横截面几何形状的圆形和椭圆形环模型的准确性。
