The Least Squares Method as a Tool for Assessment of the Stroke Parameters and Velocity in Monofin Swimming.

This study explores the application of the Least Squares Method to analyze and model the kinematic parameters in monofin swimming, focusing on stroke rate, stroke length, and the amplitudes of joint displacements at the hip, knee, and ankle. The primary aim is to evaluate whether this method provides an objective and diagnostic tool for assessing monofin swimming techniques. Three elite monofin swimmers were evaluated under a progressive fatigue test. Results indicated that the stroke rate increases velocity by 0.95, 0.23, and 0.96 units (for the estimated models respectively). Optimized stroke length (0.01-0.12 units) also significantly correlates with velocity improvements. Joint amplitude reductions, particularly at the hip and ankle, enhanced propulsion by minimizing drag. This study highlights the Least Squares Method as a diagnostic tool for optimizing swimming techniques, with potential applications in performance training.