Vogt Ivan, Volk Martin, Kulzer Emma-Luise, Seibt Janis, Pech Maciej, Rose Georg, Grosser Oliver S
Research Campus STIMULATE, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2025 Feb 10;12(2):171. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering12020171.
Anthropomorphic phantoms offer a promising solution to minimize animal testing, enable medical training, and support the efficient development of medical devices. The adjustable mechanical, biochemical, and imaging properties of the polyvinyl alcohol cryogel (PVA-C) make it an appropriate phantom material for mimicking soft tissues. Conventional manufacturing (CM) of aqueous solutions requires constant stirring, using a heated water bath, and monitoring.
To explore potential improvements in the dissolution of PVA crystals in water, a microwave-based manufacturing method (MWM) was employed. Samples created using CM and MWM ( = 14 each) were compared. Because PVA-C is a multifunctional phantom material (e.g., in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)), its MRI properties (T1/T2 relaxation times) and elasticity were determined.
T1 relaxation times did not significantly differ between the two methods ( = 0.3577), whereas T2 and elasticity for the MWM were significantly higher than those for the CM ( < 0.001). The MWM reduced the production time by 11% and decreased active user involvement by 93%.
The MWM offers a promising, easily implementable, and time-efficient method for manufacturing PVA-C-based phantoms. Nevertheless, manufacturing-related microstructural properties and sample molding require further study.
拟人化体模为尽量减少动物实验、开展医学培训以及支持医疗设备的高效研发提供了一种很有前景的解决方案。聚乙烯醇冷冻凝胶（PVA-C）具有可调节的机械、生化和成像特性，使其成为模拟软组织的合适体模材料。水溶液的传统制造方法（CM）需要持续搅拌、使用热水浴并进行监测。
为探索PVA晶体在水中溶解的潜在改进方法，采用了基于微波的制造方法（MWM）。比较了使用CM和MWM制作的样本（各14个）。由于PVA-C是一种多功能体模材料（例如在磁共振成像（MRI）中），因此测定了其MRI特性（T1/T2弛豫时间）和弹性。
两种方法的T1弛豫时间无显著差异（P = 0.3577），而MWM的T2和弹性显著高于CM（P < 0.001）。MWM将生产时间缩短了11%，并将用户的实际参与度降低了93%。
MWM为制造基于PVA-C的体模提供了一种很有前景、易于实施且省时的方法。然而，与制造相关的微观结构特性和样品成型仍需进一步研究。
