心率降低与心力衰竭预后:聚焦于伊伐布雷定
Heart Rate Reduction and the Prognosis of Heart Failure Focused on Ivabradine.
作者信息
Kiuchi Shunsuke, Ikeda Takanori
机构信息
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan.
出版信息
J Clin Med. 2025 Feb 7;14(4):1074. doi: 10.3390/jcm14041074.
Cardioprotective medications referred to as the fantastic four are used to treat heart failure (HF). Additionally, ivabradine can also be used if the heart rate (HR) is elevated. An elevated HR is a prognostic factor in HF patients, as well as in the general population. In both HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), an elevated HR is associated with all-cause mortality, whereas cardiovascular death is only associated with the former. In addition, previous clinical trials revealed that ivabradine was useful only in HFrEF but not in HFpEF. Therefore, ivabradine is indicated for patients only with HFrEF. Moreover, ivabradine increases the stroke volume by ensuring an effective diastolic time as a result of the decreased HR. Including this effect, the introduction of ivabradine allowed for the discontinuation of dobutamine infusion used in HF patients and the uptitration of β-blockers in other reports. Additionally, ivabradine improves exercise tolerance and the subjective symptoms of HF. However, the effects of ivabradine on exercise tolerance remain poorly understood, and prospective clinical trials are underway. While these beneficial effects have been reported, side effects such as photopsia and atrial fibrillation have also been reported. It is important to use ivabradine appropriately in conjunction with standard HF treatment, including quadruple therapy.
被称为“神奇四侠”的心脏保护药物用于治疗心力衰竭(HF)。此外,如果心率(HR)升高,也可使用伊伐布雷定。心率升高在HF患者以及普通人群中都是一个预后因素。在射血分数降低的心力衰竭(HFrEF)和射血分数保留的心力衰竭(HFpEF)中,心率升高均与全因死亡率相关,而心血管死亡仅与前者相关。此外,先前的临床试验表明,伊伐布雷定仅对HFrEF有用,对HFpEF无效。因此,伊伐布雷定仅适用于HFrEF患者。此外,伊伐布雷定通过降低心率确保有效的舒张期时间,从而增加每搏输出量。包括这种作用在内,在其他报告中,伊伐布雷定的引入使得HF患者停止使用多巴酚丁胺输注,并增加β受体阻滞剂的剂量。此外,伊伐布雷定可改善运动耐量和HF的主观症状。然而,伊伐布雷定对运动耐量的影响仍知之甚少,前瞻性临床试验正在进行中。虽然已经报道了这些有益作用,但也报道了诸如闪光幻觉和心房颤动等副作用。将伊伐布雷定与包括四联疗法在内的标准HF治疗适当联合使用很重要。
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