Integrated Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Lung miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network Associated with Avian Pathogenic Infection.

Avian pathogenic (APEC), one of the most common pathogens, can cause localized or systemic infections and lead to significant economic losses in the poultry industry annually. Recently, evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the host immune response to bacterial infection by targeting mRNAs. However, few studies have examined the immune mechanisms of miRNAs and mRNAs in chicken lungs following APEC infection. Herein, hematoxylin-eosin staining and qRT-PCR were employed to investigate APEC-induced lung inflammation in chickens. RNAseq was used to identify the miRNAs and mRNAs expression profile between the APEC infection group (APEC) vs. the Control group (Control). The results show that APEC can induce lung lesions in chickens and increase the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL1β, IL8, IL6, and TNFα). High-quality sequencing data were obtained, of which more than 93% of the reads can be mapped to the chicken genome. A total of 22 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs and 608 DE mRNAs were detected in the APEC vs. the Control. Remarkably, 23 regulatory pairs of miRNA-mRNA interactions were identified in chicken lungs upon APEC infection. Further validation revealed that gga-miR-214 could directly target the gene upon APEC infection to modulate the expression of inflammatory cytokine response. This study provides new insights into the host immune response to APEC infection.