Zhang Jiahang, Aishan Nadire, Zheng Zhongqiu, Ju Siwei, He Qina, Meng Qingna, Lin Xixi, Lang Jiaheng, Zhou Jichun, Chen Yongxia, Xie Bojian, Cai Yangjun, Ji Feiyang, Wang Linbo
Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Epigenetics. 2025 Dec;20(1):2473250. doi: 10.1080/15592294.2025.2473250. Epub 2025 Feb 27.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, with differences in clinical features due to its distinct molecular subtypes. Current studies have demonstrated that epigenetic modifications play a crucial role in regulating the progression of breast cancer. Among these mechanisms, DNA demethylation and its reverse process have been studied extensively for their roles in activating or silencing cancer related gene expression. Specifically, Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET) enzymes are involved in the conversion process from 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), which results in a significant difference in the global level of 5hmC in breast cancer compared with normal tissues. In this review, we summarize the functions of TET proteins and the regulated 5hmC levels in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Discussions on the clinical values of 5hmC in early diagnosis and the prediction of prognosis are also mentioned.
乳腺癌是女性中最常见的癌症，由于其独特的分子亚型，临床特征存在差异。目前的研究表明，表观遗传修饰在调节乳腺癌进展中起着关键作用。在这些机制中，DNA去甲基化及其逆过程因其在激活或沉默癌症相关基因表达中的作用而被广泛研究。具体而言，TET（Ten-Eleven Translocation）酶参与了从5-甲基胞嘧啶（5mC）到5-羟甲基胞嘧啶（5hmC）的转化过程，这导致乳腺癌中5hmC的整体水平与正常组织相比存在显著差异。在本综述中，我们总结了TET蛋白的功能以及在乳腺癌发病机制中受调控的5hmC水平。还提及了5hmC在早期诊断和预后预测方面的临床价值。
