Uribe-Kirby Ruth, Pawlak Alejandra, Pitman Lauren, Zuniga Gwenevere, Jones Jacob D
Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, USA.
Department of Psychology, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, USA; Center on Aging, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, USA.
Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2025 Apr;133:107345. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2025.107345. Epub 2025 Feb 21.
Superagers are older individuals who resist age-related cognitive decline and who perform just as well or better than younger people in cognitive tasks. In healthy aging studies, superagers not only experience positive cognitive outcomes (e.g. lower risk of future mild cognitive impairment), but may also experience fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms as they age. We seek to identify superagers in Parkinson's disease (PD) and potential outcomes associated with superager status.
Data was gathered from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). 689 individuals newly diagnosed with PD were assessed annually for up to 10 years. Participants were classified into three groups: superagers, cognitively normal, and PD mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI). Multilevel models examined longitudinal group differences in global cognition, depression, anxiety, and motor severity.
A significant main effect of group revealed that superagers performed better than the PD-MCI and cognitively normal groups in global cognition. There were significant group by time interactions, revealing the superagers group was on a more favorable longitudinal trajectory relative to other two groups. Superagers also reported less severe depressive and anxiety symptoms compared to the PD-MCI and the cognitively normal groups. Superagers had a more favorable trajectory of motor symptom severity relative to the cognitively normal and PD-MCI groups.
Superagers with PD may be detected with neuropsychological testing and appear to resist the effects of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Cognitive studies and trials may benefit from incorporating the concept of superagers, as opposed to a single homogenous cognitively normal group.
超级老人是指那些能够抵抗与年龄相关的认知衰退，并且在认知任务中表现与年轻人相当甚至更好的老年人。在健康老龄化研究中，超级老人不仅经历积极的认知结果（例如未来发生轻度认知障碍的风险较低），而且随着年龄增长，他们可能还会出现较少的抑郁和焦虑症状。我们试图在帕金森病（PD）患者中识别出超级老人，并确定与超级老人状态相关的潜在结果。
数据来自帕金森病进展标志物计划（PPMI）。对689名新诊断为PD的个体进行了长达10年的年度评估。参与者被分为三组：超级老人、认知正常者和PD轻度认知障碍（PD-MCI）患者。多级模型研究了全球认知、抑郁、焦虑和运动严重程度方面的纵向组间差异。
组间的显著主效应表明，超级老人在全球认知方面的表现优于PD-MCI组和认知正常组。存在显著的组×时间交互作用，表明超级老人组相对于其他两组处于更有利的纵向轨迹。与PD-MCI组和认知正常组相比，超级老人报告的抑郁和焦虑症状也较轻。相对于认知正常组和PD-MCI组，超级老人的运动症状严重程度轨迹更为有利。
PD超级老人可能可以通过神经心理学测试检测出来，并且似乎能够抵抗帕金森病神经退行性变的影响。认知研究和试验可能会受益于纳入超级老人的概念，而不是单一的同质认知正常组。
