Kumar Rishi, Bhede B V, Paul Debashis, Bhute N K, Patil Prashant, Patel R D, Variya M V, Hanchinal S G, Matti Poornima V, Navi Shivaray, Jakhar Anil, Kaur Jasjinder, Meena Roop Singh, Mallick Jyoti Rekha, Singh Satnam, Chitra N, Annie Diana Grace G, Kalyan R K, Sivarama Krishna M, Bahere G T, Prakash A H, Prasad Y G
ICAR-CICR, Regional Station,, Sirsa, India.
Cotton Research Station, Nanded, VNMKV, Parbhani, India.
Sci Rep. 2025 Feb 27;15(1):7012. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-89575-z.
The pink boll worm now became a menace for sustainable cultivation of Bt cotton in India. Based on the data recorded in unsprayed conditions at 13 different locations of north, central and south cotton growing zone between 2007 and 2023, initiation of green boll damage during later part of the season was observed on Bt cotton genotype during 2009-2014 wherein incidence of PBW already existed on non-Bt genotype. In our research, between 2014 and 2017, the central and southern regions of India experienced a rise in the survival of pink bollworms on Bt cotton surpassing the Economic Threshold Level (ETL) whereas in the north zone PBW incidence started in 2018 at experimental locations. The data validate the initial success of Bt/BG-II cotton in its first ten years (2002-2013) of introduction including pink bollworm, which caused negligible green boll damage (0-1.03%) on Bt/BG-II genotypes, while the incidence on non-Bt genotypes was much higher (2.5-23.01%). Following that, an establishment phase was detected in 2014, confirmed by the equal presence of pink boll worm in BG-II and non-Bt, with minimal infestation differences in BG-II and non-Bt, indicating a larger presence of resistant individuals. Following 2014, the coexistence of PBW in BG-II and non-Bt populations was noted concurrently, with a gradual increase in incidence over ETL beginning in the middle of the season. Farmer's field surveys reported highest number of locations above ETL during 2017 with a decreasing trend both in central and south zone. In the north, infestations were low until 2021, but increased significantly, reaching their highest point in 2023. The emergence and spread of PBW resistance to Bt cotton, facilitated by off-season survival and carryover, poses a substantial threat to the sustainability of BG-II cotton cultivation in India.
棉红铃虫如今已成为印度种植转基因抗虫棉实现可持续种植的一大威胁。基于2007年至2023年期间在印度北部、中部和南部棉花种植区13个不同地点未喷洒农药情况下记录的数据，在2009年至2014年期间，观察到在棉铃生长后期转基因抗虫棉基因型出现青铃受害现象，而在非转基因基因型上已经存在棉红铃虫的侵害。在我们的研究中，2014年至2017年期间，印度中部和南部地区转基因抗虫棉上棉红铃虫的存活率上升，超过了经济阈值水平（ETL），而在北部地区，2018年在试验地点开始出现棉红铃虫侵害。这些数据证实了转基因抗虫棉/ BG-II棉花在引入的头十年（2002年至2013年）取得的初步成功，其中包括棉红铃虫对转基因抗虫棉/ BG-II基因型造成的青铃损害可忽略不计（0 - 1.03%），而在非转基因基因型上的侵害发生率则高得多（2.5 - 23.01%）。在此之后，2014年检测到一个稳定阶段，这通过BG-II和非转基因棉花上棉红铃虫数量相当得到证实，BG-II和非转基因棉花上的侵害差异极小，表明存在更多具有抗性的个体。2014年之后，同时注意到BG-II和非转基因种群中棉红铃虫共存，且从季节中期开始发生率逐渐超过经济阈值水平。农户田间调查显示，2017年超过经济阈值水平的地点数量最多，中部和南部地区呈下降趋势。在北部，直到2021年侵害情况都较低，但随后显著增加，在2023年达到最高点。棉红铃虫对转基因抗虫棉产生抗性并通过非生长季节存活和越冬得以传播，这对印度BG-II棉花种植的可持续性构成了重大威胁。
