Tandon S K, Flora S J, Singh S
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1985 Jun 30;79(2):204-10. doi: 10.1016/0041-008x(85)90341-2.
D-Penicillamine (DPA), diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), L-cysteine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), cyclohexylenediaminetetraacetic acid (CDTA), and diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) were compared for their efficacy to enhance urinary excretion of Pb, to reduce Pb concentration of body organs, and to restore the enhanced urinary excretion of delta-aminolevulinic acid (delta-ALA), the inhibited activities of blood delta-ALA dehydratase, and renal enzymes in Pb-administered rats (10 mg/kg, po, 4 weeks) with normal or experimentally damaged kidneys. The acute renal damage was induced by uranyl acetate (3 mg/kg, sc, once) prior to treatment with the chelators (0.3 mmol/kg, ip, twice) and evaluated by enhanced urinary excretion of diagnostic enzymes and inhibition in their renal activities. Among thiol chelators, DPA was the most effective followed by DDC in enhancing the urinary excretion of Pb, reducing the concentration of Pb in blood, kidneys and liver, and in restoring Pb-induced biological alterations in urine, blood, and kidneys. Among amino carboxylic acids, DTPA was the most effective and EDTA and CDTA were about equally potent in countering Pb toxicity. Protection was more marked in animals with normal kidneys than in those with acutely damaged kidneys.
对青霉胺（DPA）、二乙二硫代氨基甲酸盐（DDC）、L-半胱氨酸、乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）、环己二胺四乙酸（CDTA）和二乙烯三胺五乙酸（DTPA）进行了比较，观察它们促进铅经尿排泄、降低体内器官铅浓度以及恢复铅给药大鼠（10mg/kg，经口给药，4周）尿中δ-氨基-γ-酮戊酸（δ-ALA）排泄增加、血δ-氨基-γ-酮戊酸脱水酶活性受抑制以及肾酶活性受抑制的效果，这些大鼠肾脏正常或经实验性损伤。在用螯合剂（0.3mmol/kg，腹腔注射，2次）治疗前，通过乙酸铀酰（3mg/kg，皮下注射，1次）诱导急性肾损伤，并通过诊断酶尿排泄增加及其肾活性抑制来评估。在硫醇螯合剂中，DPA在促进铅经尿排泄、降低血、肾和肝中铅浓度以及恢复铅诱导的尿、血和肾生物学改变方面最有效，其次是DDC。在氨基羧酸中，DTPA最有效，EDTA和CDTA在对抗铅毒性方面效力大致相同。对肾脏正常的动物的保护作用比对急性肾损伤动物的保护作用更明显。
