Kou Lei, Zhang Junwei, Huang Liyue, Chen Guanyu, Jiang Shupeng, Han Ding, Jiang Dayuan
West Hubei Ecological Environmental Monitoring and Protection Center, The Seventh Geological Brigade of Hubei Geological Bureau, Yichang 443100, China.
Yichang Key Laboratory of Geological Resources and Geological Engineering, Yichang 443100, China.
Heliyon. 2025 Feb 8;11(4):e42527. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42527. eCollection 2025 Feb 28.
Taking the typical phosphate mining area in Western Hubei as the research object, groundwater, surface water, soil and sediment in phosphate mining area were investigated and evaluated comprehensively to clarify the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of different forms of phosphorus in phosphate mining area and reveal the migration and transformation of phosphorus. Results showed that whether in the dry season or the wet season, total phosphorus levels in groundwater (dry season from November to December 2021, 0.42 mg/L; wet season from August to September 2022, 0.24 mg/L) exceeded the standard index. The total phosphorus was related to seasonal changes and the distribution of phosphate rock. Particulate phosphorus was the main component of total phosphorus in surface water, and sediment phosphorus was one of the sources of phosphorus in surface water. The total phosphorus in surface water was strongly correlated with particulate phosphorus, and the correlation coefficient was 0.984. The main sources of phosphorus in surface water were exogenous input. The sediment had a certain contribution to the phosphorus in the water, but it was not the main factor. The correlation coefficients between sediment total phosphorus and water total phosphorus and particulate phosphorus were 0.349 and 0.346, respectively. The soil total phosphorus content was closely related to phosphate mining activities. The migration and transformation of phosphorus sources were mainly through soil leaching, scouring and mine drainage into surface water, and there may be migration of surface water to groundwater in monitoring wells. The correlation between total phosphorus in soil and groundwater was poor. The high content of total phosphorus in surface soil was not the main source of total phosphorus in groundwater. Rainwater scours the surface soil of the ore yard and the mine entrance, resulting in the loss of soil total phosphorus to the river, and the phosphorus in the soil may indirectly enter the groundwater.
以鄂西典型磷矿区为研究对象，对磷矿区的地下水、地表水、土壤和沉积物进行全面调查与评价，以阐明磷矿区不同形态磷的时空分布特征，揭示磷的迁移转化规律。结果表明，无论在旱季还是雨季，地下水中总磷含量（2021年11月至12月旱季为0.42mg/L；2022年8月至9月雨季为0.24mg/L）均超过标准指数。总磷与季节变化及磷矿分布有关。颗粒态磷是地表水中总磷的主要组成部分，沉积物磷是地表水中磷的来源之一。地表水中总磷与颗粒态磷显著相关，相关系数为0.984。地表水中磷的主要来源是外源输入。沉积物对水中磷有一定贡献，但不是主要因素。沉积物总磷与水体总磷及颗粒态磷的相关系数分别为0.349和0.346。土壤总磷含量与磷矿开采活动密切相关。磷源的迁移转化主要通过土壤淋溶、冲刷及矿井排水进入地表水，监测井中地表水可能向地下水发生迁移。土壤总磷与地下水之间相关性较差。表层土壤中总磷含量高并非地下水中总磷的主要来源。雨水冲刷矿场及矿井入口处的表层土壤，导致土壤总磷流失至河流，土壤中的磷可能间接进入地下水。
