Jokar Mozhgan, Zandi Mitra, Ebadi Abbas, Momenan Amir Abbas, Rostamkhani Mohammad
Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Niyayesh Complex, Ayatollah Hashemi Rafsanjani CrossSection, Vali-Asr Street, Tehran, 1919973361, Iran.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2025 Mar 4;25(1):332. doi: 10.1186/s12913-025-12407-3.
Adults with prediabetes are at 5 to 15 times higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared with others. Without self-care behaviors to promote health and prevention, more than 70% of them will ultimately develop type 2 diabetes during their lives.
This was a qualitative study guided by the directed content analysis method. Purposive sampling was done with maximum demographic diversity. The experiences of adults with prediabetes (39 people) and healthcare workers (6 people) were assessed through individual, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews lasting between 30 and 45 min for four months, from June to November 2023.
Five main themes were found to be influential on the self-care behaviors of adults with prediabetes after analyzing the data: intrapersonal factors, interpersonal level factors, organizational factors, community-level factors, and public policy factors. The important barriers were a lack of screening programs, lack of knowledge about prediabetes and how to modify and change lifestyles, cultural practices, insufficient counseling, lack of prediabetic peers and groups, inflexible work environment, lack of native digital applications, lack of self-care behavior assessment tools for counseling, and financial problems. The major facilitators were motivation, support from family and friends, and the availability of resources in the community.
Our findings suggest that a multilevel approach is needed to address these barriers and facilitators. These findings will help guide strategies to develop programs that impart knowledge and skills to improve the self-care behaviors of prediabetics.
与其他人相比，患有糖尿病前期的成年人患2型糖尿病的风险要高5至15倍。如果没有促进健康和预防的自我护理行为，超过70%的糖尿病前期患者最终会在其一生中患上2型糖尿病。
这是一项采用定向内容分析法指导的定性研究。采用目的抽样法，最大限度地保证人口统计学多样性。2023年6月至11月的四个月时间里，通过时长30至45分钟的个人面对面半结构化访谈，对39名糖尿病前期成年人和6名医护人员的经历进行了评估。
数据分析后发现，有五个主要主题对糖尿病前期成年人的自我护理行为有影响：个人因素、人际层面因素、组织因素、社区层面因素和公共政策因素。重要障碍包括缺乏筛查项目、对糖尿病前期以及如何改变生活方式缺乏了解、文化习俗、咨询不足、缺乏糖尿病前期同伴和群体、工作环境不灵活、缺乏本土数字应用程序、缺乏用于咨询的自我护理行为评估工具以及经济问题。主要促进因素包括动机、家人和朋友的支持以及社区资源的可获得性。
我们的研究结果表明，需要采取多层次方法来应对这些障碍和促进因素。这些研究结果将有助于指导制定相关策略，以开发传授知识和技能的项目，从而改善糖尿病前期患者的自我护理行为。
