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胎儿发育过程中人类胸腺微环境的形态学特征。

Morphological characteristics of microenvironment in the human thymus during fetal development.

作者信息

Maletin Nemanja, Denda Nikola, Borocki Stefan, Golušin Zoran, Rašković Aleksandar, Fejsa-Levakov Aleksandra, Višnjić Bojana Andrejić, Amidžić Jelena

机构信息

Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.

出版信息

BMC Res Notes. 2025 Mar 3;18(1):92. doi: 10.1186/s13104-025-07109-2.

DOI:10.1186/s13104-025-07109-2
PMID:40033348
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11877800/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

The thymus is a key organ for the development of T cells. T cell precursors first migrate from the bone marrow to the thymus. During maturation, these precursors require interactions with various types of cells that form the thymic microenvironment, such as epithelial, mesenchymal, and other immune cells not belonging to the T lineage. The aim of this study was to examine the changes in the number and diameter of Hassall's corpuscles, as well as the density and distribution of epithelial cells (p63+) and macrophages (CD68+).

METHODS

Twenty-five fetal thymus samples were examined, divided into five groups according to gestational age. The samples were processed using standard histological methods and immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTS

The study showed that the number and diameter of Hassall's corpuscles gradually increased during fetal development, with a significant increase from the 14th to the 38th gestational week. The average diameter of Hassall's corpuscles was largest in the age group of 34-38 weeks. The density of p63 + epithelial cells decreased in correlation with gestational week, while the density of CD68 + macrophages significantly increased, particularly in the thymic medulla, towards the end of the fetal period.

CONCLUSIONS

An increase in the number and size of Hassall's corpuscles during fetal development was recorded, while the density of epithelial cells decreased and the density of macrophages increased.

摘要

背景

胸腺是T细胞发育的关键器官。T细胞前体首先从骨髓迁移至胸腺。在成熟过程中，这些前体需要与构成胸腺微环境的各种类型细胞相互作用，如上皮细胞、间充质细胞以及其他不属于T谱系的免疫细胞。本研究的目的是检测哈氏小体的数量和直径变化，以及上皮细胞（p63+）和巨噬细胞（CD68+）的密度和分布。

方法

检查了25份胎儿胸腺样本，根据胎龄分为五组。样本采用标准组织学方法和免疫组织化学染色进行处理。

结果

研究表明，哈氏小体的数量和直径在胎儿发育过程中逐渐增加，从妊娠第14周到第38周有显著增加。哈氏小体的平均直径在34 - 38周龄组最大。p63+上皮细胞的密度随孕周增加而降低，而CD68+巨噬细胞的密度显著增加，尤其是在胎儿期末期的胸腺髓质中。

结论

记录到胎儿发育过程中哈氏小体的数量和大小增加，而上皮细胞密度降低，巨噬细胞密度增加。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d99f/11877800/50daae610659/13104_2025_7109_Fig9_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d99f/11877800/699de6384bcb/13104_2025_7109_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d99f/11877800/25975a17da3b/13104_2025_7109_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d99f/11877800/d959719fbab2/13104_2025_7109_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d99f/11877800/8e3aa6d2c8ee/13104_2025_7109_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d99f/11877800/4e5e00241414/13104_2025_7109_Fig5_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d99f/11877800/f7907b6a0158/13104_2025_7109_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d99f/11877800/ffafb39ddc77/13104_2025_7109_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d99f/11877800/0a0f63e5a5bc/13104_2025_7109_Fig8_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d99f/11877800/50daae610659/13104_2025_7109_Fig9_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d99f/11877800/699de6384bcb/13104_2025_7109_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d99f/11877800/25975a17da3b/13104_2025_7109_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d99f/11877800/d959719fbab2/13104_2025_7109_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d99f/11877800/8e3aa6d2c8ee/13104_2025_7109_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d99f/11877800/4e5e00241414/13104_2025_7109_Fig5_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d99f/11877800/f7907b6a0158/13104_2025_7109_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d99f/11877800/ffafb39ddc77/13104_2025_7109_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d99f/11877800/0a0f63e5a5bc/13104_2025_7109_Fig8_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d99f/11877800/50daae610659/13104_2025_7109_Fig9_HTML.jpg

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本文引用的文献

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The initial age-associated decline in early T-cell progenitors reflects fewer pre-thymic progenitors and altered signals in the bone marrow and thymus microenvironments.早期 T 细胞前体细胞随年龄的初始下降反映了骨髓和胸腺微环境中前胸腺祖细胞数量减少和信号改变。
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Thymic Microenvironment: Interactions Between Innate Immune Cells and Developing Thymocytes.胸腺微环境：固有免疫细胞与发育中的胸腺细胞的相互作用。
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Thymus-Pineal Gland Axis: Revisiting Its Role in Human Life and Ageing.胸腺-松果腺轴：重新探讨其在人类生命和衰老中的作用。
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Implications of Oxidative Stress and Cellular Senescence in Age-Related Thymus Involution.氧化应激和细胞衰老对与年龄相关的胸腺萎缩的影响。
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Hassall's corpuscles with cellular-senescence features maintain IFNα production through neutrophils and pDC activation in the thymus.具有细胞衰老特征的 Hassall 小体通过中性粒细胞和 pDC 激活维持胸腺中 IFNα 的产生。
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What do we know about the structure of human thymic Hassall's corpuscles? A histochemical, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic study.我们对人类胸腺哈氏小体的结构了解多少？一项组织化学、免疫组织化学和电子显微镜研究。
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