Yang Yingming, Liang Kunneng, Zhou Zilin, Tu Yuanyuan, Li Meng, Wang Ziyou, Deng Yi, Li Jiyao
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School of Chemical Engineering, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Small. 2025 Mar;21(9):e2410522. doi: 10.1002/smll.202410522. Epub 2025 Jan 26.
Dynamic therapy utilizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) to antibacterial and enhance the innate immune system to treat bacterial infections. If ROS levels are too low, the elimination of pathogens and the enhancement of innate immunity cannot be achieved. However, excess accumulation of ROS may impact intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels, hindering T cell maturation and the establishment of immune memory. Herein, a multifunctional nanofiber membrane is designed, consisting of a polymer scaffold, MXene/CeO bio-heterojunctions (MX@Ce bio-HJs), and lactate oxidase (Lox) to balance the production of ROS, for the treatment of recurrent bacterial infections. In this system, MX@Ce bio-HJs upon near-infrared ray (NIR) generate photodynamic therapy, while Lox responds to the wound microenvironment exert chemodynamic therapy, synergistically produce ROS to rapidly eradicate bacteria, amplify the ability of dendritic cells to recognize and present antigens of bacterial fragments, and enhance innate immunity. Without NIR, MX@Ce bio-HJs showcase catalase-like and superoxide dismutase-like activities, scavenging subsequent ROS accumulation, promoting T cell maturation to form acquired immune memory, and combating recurrent bacterial infection. Such work highlights the potential to combat in situ bacterial infections and recurrent bacterial infections and inspires the development of future antibacterial therapies.
动态疗法利用活性氧（ROS）来抗菌并增强先天免疫系统以治疗细菌感染。如果ROS水平过低，就无法实现病原体的清除和先天免疫的增强。然而，ROS的过度积累可能会影响细胞内谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平，阻碍T细胞成熟和免疫记忆的建立。在此，设计了一种多功能纳米纤维膜，其由聚合物支架、MXene/CeO生物异质结（MX@Ce生物异质结）和乳酸氧化酶（Lox）组成，以平衡ROS的产生，用于治疗复发性细菌感染。在该系统中，MX@Ce生物异质结在近红外光（NIR）照射下产生光动力疗法，而Lox对伤口微环境作出反应发挥化学动力疗法，协同产生ROS以快速根除细菌，放大树突状细胞识别和呈递细菌片段抗原的能力，并增强先天免疫力。在没有NIR的情况下，MX@Ce生物异质结展现出过氧化氢酶样和超氧化物歧化酶样活性，清除随后积累的ROS，促进T细胞成熟以形成获得性免疫记忆，并对抗复发性细菌感染。这项工作突出了对抗原位细菌感染和复发性细菌感染的潜力，并激发了未来抗菌疗法的发展。
