Van Hove Hannah, De Feo Donatella, Greter Melanie, Becher Burkhard
Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; email:
Annu Rev Immunol. 2025 Apr;43(1):589-613. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-082423-041334. Epub 2025 Mar 4.
The central nervous system (CNS) has a unique set of macrophages that seed the tissue early during embryonic development. Microglia reside in the parenchyma, and border-associated macrophages are present in border regions, including the meninges, perivascular spaces, and choroid plexus. CNS-resident macrophages support brain homeostasis during development and steady state. In the diseased brain, however, the immune landscape is altered, with phenotypic and transcriptional changes in resident macrophages and the invasion of blood-borne monocytes, which differentiate into monocyte-derived macrophages upon entering the CNS. In this review, we focus on the fate and function of the macrophage compartment in health, neurodegenerative conditions such as amyloidosis, and neuroinflammation as observed in multiple sclerosis and infection. We discuss our current understanding that monocyte-derived macrophages contribute to neuropathology whereas native macrophages play a neuroprotective role in disease.
中枢神经系统（CNS）有一组独特的巨噬细胞，它们在胚胎发育早期就定植于组织中。小胶质细胞存在于实质中，而边界相关巨噬细胞则存在于边界区域，包括脑膜、血管周围间隙和脉络丛。中枢神经系统驻留巨噬细胞在发育和稳态过程中维持脑内环境稳定。然而，在患病的大脑中，免疫格局会发生改变，驻留巨噬细胞会出现表型和转录变化，并且血源性单核细胞会侵入，这些单核细胞进入中枢神经系统后会分化为单核细胞衍生的巨噬细胞。在这篇综述中，我们关注巨噬细胞区室在健康状态、神经退行性疾病（如淀粉样变性）以及在多发性硬化症和感染中观察到的神经炎症中的命运和功能。我们讨论了我们目前的认识，即单核细胞衍生的巨噬细胞会导致神经病理学变化，而天然巨噬细胞在疾病中发挥神经保护作用。
